Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python

Detailed example of sending emails with pictures and attachments from Django in Python

Apr 28, 2017 am 09:22 AM
django python send email

本篇文章主要介绍了Python中Django发送带图片和附件的邮件 ,非常具有实用价值,需要的朋友可以参考下。

最近需要做集团的SRC系统。暂无安全研发,所以只能找我这个小菜兼职开发。系统使用Django框架,在整个过程中,有许多奇特的需求。在某项需求中,需要给厂商用户发送富文本邮件,漏洞详情,这个折腾了一下,感觉略有收获,所以记一篇随笔。

首先我在网上搜索了一些资料,发现都是python通过smtplib发送,使用MIME格式来生成富文本邮件:传送门

我想的是,使用Django框架,框架带了邮件模块,没必要引入smtplib吧。我就想,向上文传送门那样,生成一个MIME文件,然后通过

 from django.core import mail
 mail.send_mail
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这种方式把MIMEMultipart对象使用as_string()方法生成的文件当做message发出去不就好了吗。呃,有兴趣的可以试一下。。我发出去了一堆字符串。。

好吧,失败了,难道真的要把smtplib引进来?

天无绝人之路,这个时候我看到了一句话:EmailMessage是Django封装好的smtp。哦?还有这回事?好吧,尝试一下看看源码?跳转至message.py

class EmailMessage(object):
  """
  A container for email information.
  """
  content_subtype = 'plain'
  mixed_subtype = 'mixed'
  encoding = None   # None => use settings default

  def __init__(self, subject='', body='', from_email=None, to=None, bcc=None,
         connection=None, attachments=None, headers=None, cc=None,
         reply_to=None):
    """
    Initialize a single email message (which can be sent to multiple
    recipients).

    All strings used to create the message can be unicode strings
    (or UTF-8 bytestrings). The SafeMIMEText class will handle any
    necessary encoding conversions.
    """
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恩!大体知道了用法。

 msg = mail.EmailMessage('富文本邮件测试', html, from_mail, recipient_list)
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就是这样了。而且看message.py文件

if to:
       if isinstance(to, six.string_types):
        raise TypeError('"to" argument must be a list or tuple')
      self.to = list(to)
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看到raise的信息,明白了,我们传给他的recipient_list应该是元组或者列表

self.from_email = from_email or settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
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我们传给他的就是Django settings.py文件里配置的邮箱,就是以下格式的:

# email config
# 这是我们工程目录下settings文件的配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'

EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'xxxxxxxx'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'xxxx@xxxx.xxxx'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xxxx.com'
EMAIL_PORT = port
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好,到此为止,我们知道了这个类怎么用。我们看传送门里的代码,挑选比较重要的

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
msgRoot['From'] = strFrom
msgRoot['To'] = strTo
msgText = MIMEText(plainText, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)

#设定HTML信息
msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, 'html', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
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然后我们对比一下message.py里面的代码:

def message(self):
    encoding = self.encoding or settings.DEFAULT_CHARSET
    msg = SafeMIMEText(self.body, self.content_subtype, encoding)
    msg = self._create_message(msg)
    msg['Subject'] = self.subject
    msg['From'] = self.extra_headers.get('From', self.from_email)
    msg['To'] = self.extra_headers.get('To', ', '.join(map(force_text, self.to)))
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篇幅所限不粘贴太多,有兴趣可以自己去研读。我们发现,他们是不是很像,其实读完整个message.py我们会发现一件事。原来EmailMessage这个类的对象,可以看做是MIMEMultipart对象加上了smtplib的发送功能。而且它也有attach方法,可以像MIMEMultipart对象那样拼接富文本邮件内容,好,这就有办法了!我们通过EmailMessage来发送富文本邮件!

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ===============================================================================
# @ Creator:首席小学生
# @ Date:2017-03-28
# 构造富文本邮件内容
# ===============================================================================
import os
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from django.conf import settings
from django.core import mail


def add_img(src, img_id):
  """
  在富文本邮件模板里添加图片
  :param src:
  :param img_id:
  :return:
  """
  fp = open(src, 'rb')
  msg_image = MIMEImage(fp.read())
  fp.close()
  msg_image.add_header('Content-ID', '<'+img_id+'>')
  return msg_image


def send_util():
  path = os.getcwd()
  path_use = path.replace('\\', '/')
  html = '''
  
  
  
    
    Title
  
  
  牛逼呀小伙子,你成功了
  
  
  
  '''
  recipient_list = ['xxxx@xxxx.com']
  from_mail = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER
  msg = mail.EmailMessage(&#39;富文本邮件测试&#39;, html, from_mail, recipient_list)
  msg.content_subtype = 'html'
  msg.encoding = 'utf-8'
  image = add_img(path_use+'/mail_util/test.png', 'test_cid')
  msg.attach(image)
  if msg.send():
    return True
  else:
    return False
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我们在views中设置视图函数,调用上面这些测试方法尝试一下:

from django.shortcuts import render
from html_to_mail import send_util


def send_mail(request):
  if send_util():
    return render(request, &#39;ok.html&#39;)
  else:
    return render(request, &#39;error.html&#39;)
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在urls里面随意配置一个映射指向这个视图函数,把Django工程run起来,直接在浏览器get这个映射。发现邮件发送成功!

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