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PHP中数组的三种排序方法分享_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 09:11 AM
sort array

一、冒泡排序法
说明:找到最大的数,排列到最后面,然后继续找

例:
复制代码 代码如下:

$arr = array(3,5,-1,0,2);
for($i=0;$ifor($j=0;$jif($arr[$j]>$arr[$j+1]){
$temp = $arr[$j];
$arr[$j]=$arr[$j+1];
$arr[$j+1]=$temp;
}
}
}

理解:
3,5,-1,0,2
//从第一个数开始往后比较,如果比后面的数大则与后面的数调位置
//第一次,3小于5,那么不变
//第二次,5大于-1,那么变成
3,-1,5,0,2
//第三次,5大于0
3,-1,0,5,2
//第四次,5大于2
3,-1,0,2,5
至此完成一次内循环,此时最后一个数完成排序,下次将不参与
3,-1,0,2,5第二次外循环开始 第一次:3大于-1
-1,3,0,2,5
第二次:3大于0
-1,0,3,2,5
第三次:3大于2
-1,0,2,3,5
至此完成后面两位数的排序了,接下来类推
-1,0,2,3,5
二、选择排序法
说明:先假设第一个数就是最小的数,然后将后面的数依次与它比较,如果假设的数不是最小的数,就将它与后面的最小的数调换位置
复制代码 代码如下:

$arr=array(2,1,-1,3,0);
for($i=0;$i$minval = $arr[$i];
$minindex = $i;
for($j=1+$i;$jif($arr[$j]$minval = $arr[$j];
$minindex = $j;
}
}
$temp = $arr[$i];
$arr[$i] = $arr[$minindex];
$arr[$minindex] = $temp;
}

理解:
2,1,-1,3,0
//先假设第一个数2为最小值,它后面的数依次与2做比较,寻找到最小的那个数
过程:
1小于2,那么minval=1
-1小于1,那么minval=-1
3大于-1,不变
0大于-1,不变
那么现在就找到了该数组中最小的数了为-1
将-1与2调换位置就完成第一个数的排序了
那么现在数组变成
-1,1,2,3,0
现在第一个数-1已经为有序,所以不参与比较了,往后面继续
现在假设minval=1
2大于1,不变
3大于1,不变
0小于1,那么minval=0
现在一次循环完成,调换0与1的位置完成第二个数的排序
那么现在数组变成
-1,0,2,3,1
//后面的推法与上面相同。。。

三、插入排序法

说明:先假设一个数组中的第一个数为单独的有序数组,再将后面的一个数与它【这里随它I的增长,就变成它们了】做比较,如果后面的数比假设的数还小,则将小的那个数后移,最后将那个数移到最前面
复制代码 代码如下:

$arr=array(2,1,-1,3,0);
for($i=1;$i$insertval=$arr[$i];
$insertindex = $i-1;
while($insertindex>=0 && $insertval$arr[$insertindex+1]=$arr[$insertindex];
$insertindex--;
}
$temp = $arr[$i];
$arr[$insertindex+1]=$insertval;
}

理解:
2,1,-1,3,0
//第一次,先保存待插入的数1为insertval,再拿 insertval 与2比较,1小于2,所以把2后移,变成如下的图
2,2,-1,3,0
//此时2前面没有数字了,insertindex=0,所以比较完成,那么将insertval插入到寻找到的这个位置。变成如下图
1,2,-1,3,0
//此时,1,2变成有序数组
//第二次,先保存待插入的数-1为insertval,再拿insertval与2做比较,-1小于2,所以把2后移,变成如下图
1,2,2,3,0
//此时,再拿insertval与1做比较,-1小于1,那么把-1后移,变成如下图(这就是一个拿待插入数与前面的有序数组比较的过程)
1,1,2,3,0
//此时,insertindex到头了,所以将insertval插入该位置
-1,1,2,3,0
//后面推法如上
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