Detailed introduction on how to implement C++ operation of Mysql database under Linux

Due to work, I need to take a week to study C/C++ methods of accessing various databases, and plan to encapsulate a set of database operation classes. Now I will present the simplest part: Access MySQL database under Linux.

If you want to write a project in C++, a database is a must, so in the past two days, I have learned how to operate the MySQL database in C++. There are no tutorials, just the knowledge I searched online. Here is a summary.

There are two ways to connect to the MySQL database: the first is to use ADO connection, but this is only suitable for Windows platforms; the second is touse MySQLyour own C APIFunctionConnect to database. I develop under the Linux platform, so I use the second method. There are many API functions, but only a few are commonly used, and I only use a few of them.

API function

1.mysql_real_connect()

Connect a mysql server

MYSQL *mysql_real_connect (MYSQL *mysql, 
const char *host, 
const char *user, 
const char *passwd, 
const char *db, 
unsigned int port, 
const char *unix_socket, 
unsigned long client_flag)

If the connection is successful, return the MYSQL* connection handle. If the connection fails, NULL is returned. For a successful connection, the return value is the same as the value of the first parameter

2.mysql_query()

Execute the specified "NULL-terminated string "'s SQL query

returns a result table. Assuming the query is successful, you can call mysql_num_rows() to see how many rows are returned corresponding to the SELECT statement. Or call mysql_affected_rows() to see how many rows are affected by the statement corresponding to DELETE, INSERT, REPLACE or UPDATE.

3.mysql_store_result()

MYSQL_RES *mysql_store_result(MYSQL *mysql)

Retrieve the complete result set to the client. The most common way for clients to process result sets is by calling mysql_store_result(), which retrieves the entire result set at once. This function gets all the rows returned by the query from the server and saves them on the client. For every query (SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, CHECK TABLE, etc.) that successfully retrieves data, mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result() must be called. For other queries, there is no need to call mysql_store_result() or mysql_use_result(), but if mysql_store_result() is called in any case, it will not cause any harm or performance degradation.

4.mysql_num_rows()

Returns the number of rows in the result set.

5.mysql_num_fields()

Returns the number of fields in the result set, or false if failed.

6.mysql_fetch_field()

MYSQL_FIELD* mysql_fetch_field(MYSQL_RES *result);
Get the type of the next table field and return NULL at the end.

7.mysql_fetch_row()

MYSQL_ROW mysql_fetch_row(MYSQL_RES *result);

Get the next row from the result set and successfully return an array with a value greater than 0.

8.mysql_fetch_field_direct()

MYSQL_FIELD* mysql_fetch_field_direct(MYSQL_RES *result, int i);

Given the field number, return the type of the table field, and return NULL at the end.

Simple student information management code

I can’t remember it just by looking at it, so I used these functions to write a student information management interface. Alas, this time last yearC Language course design, I didn’t know how to use a database at that time, and it was all written in files. I regretted it when I found out too late. . . . The following is the code:

 /*************************************************************************
   > File Name: student.cpp
   > Author: Tanswer_ 
   > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
   > Created Time: 2017年05月28日 星期日 16时50分34秒
 ************************************************************************/
          
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string> 
 #include <stack> 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <mysql/mysql.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
          
 using namespace std;
          
          
 MYSQL mysql;   
 MYSQL_ROW row;  
 MYSQL_FIELD* field = NULL;       
 MYSQL_RES* result;                                                  
          
 string IntToStr(int num)
 {         
   stringstream ss;
   ss.clear();
   ss << num;
   return ss.str();
 }
                                                            
 void Add()
 {
   string fname,fsex,ftel,faddr;
   int fage;
   char choice; 
   do
   {
   ┊  cout << "请依次输入以下信息：" << endl;
   ┊  cout << "\nName: ";cin >> fname;
   ┊  cout << "\nSex: ";cin >> fsex;
   ┊  cout << "\nAge: "; cin >> fage;
   ┊  cout << "\nTel: "; cin >> ftel;
   ┊  cout << "\nAddr: "; cin >> faddr;
 
   ┊  string sql = "INSERT INTO Infor (name,sex,tel,addr,age) values(&#39;"+fname+"&#39;,&#39;"+fsex+"&#39;,&#39;"+ftel+"&#39;,&#39;"+faddr+"&#39;,   "+IntToStr(fage)+");";
   ┊  //string sql = "INSERT INTO Infor (name,sex,age,tel,addr) values(&#39;小红&#39;,&#39;女&#39;,18,&#39;13333333333&#39;,          &#39;陕西省西安市雁塔区&#39;);";

   ┊  mysql_query(&mysql,sql.c_str());
   ┊  ┊               
   ┊  cout << "是否继续添加(y/n)？： ";
   ┊  cin >> choice;                                                
   }while(choice == &#39;y&#39;);       
                    
 }                   
                    
 void Select()             
 {                   
   int id;              
   cout << "请输入要查询学生的学号: ";
   cin >> id;             
                    
   string sql = "SELECT * FROM Infor WHERE id = "+IntToStr(id)+";";
   mysql_query(&mysql,sql.c_str());
            
   result = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
   if(result == NULL)
   ┊  cout << "fail\n";
            
   for(int i=0; i<mysql_num_fields(result); i++)
   {         
   ┊  field = mysql_fetch_field_direct(result,i);
   ┊  cout << field->name << "\t\t";
   }                
   cout << endl;          
                   
   row = mysql_fetch_row(result);  
   while(row != NULL)        
   {                
   ┊  for(int i=0; i<mysql_num_fields(result); i++)
   ┊  {              
   ┊  ┊  cout << row[i] << "\t\t";                                         
   ┊  }              
   ┊  cout << endl;        
   ┊  row = mysql_fetch_row(result);
   }                
 }                  
                   
                   
 void Update()            
 {                  
   int id;             
   char choice;           
   string newaddr;         
   ┊  cout << "请输入要修改同学的学号: ";
   ┊  cin >> id;          
   ┊  cout << endl << "请输入修改后的地址: ";
   ┊  cin >> newaddr;
   ┊  string sql = "UPDATE Infor SET addr = &#39;"+newaddr+"&#39;WHERE id= "+IntToStr(id)+"; ";
   ┊  mysql_query(&mysql,sql.c_str());                                       
   ┊     
 }       
        
        
 int main()  
 {       
   char choice[5];
        
   mysql_init(&mysql);
   /*连接数据库*/
   if(!mysql_real_connect(&mysql,"localhost","root","dxm242012","Student",0,NULL,0))
   {     
   ┊  cout << "connect fial\n";
   ┊  return -1;
   }     
        
   while(atoi(choice) != &#39;q&#39;)
   {     
   ┊  sleep(4);
   ┊  system("clear");
   ┊  cout << "1.添加学生信息" << endl;
   ┊  cout << "2.查询学生信息" << endl;
   ┊  cout << "3.修改学生信息" << endl;
                                                            
   ┊  cin >> choice;
   
   ┊  cout << choice << endl;
   ┊  switch(atoi(choice))
   ┊  {  
   ┊  ┊  case 1:
   ┊  ┊  ┊  Add();
   ┊  ┊  ┊  break;
   ┊  ┊  case 2:
   ┊  ┊  ┊  Select();
   ┊  ┊  ┊  break;
   ┊  ┊  case 3:
   ┊  ┊  ┊  Update();
   ┊  ┊  ┊  break;
   ┊  ┊  default:
   ┊  ┊  ┊  break;
   ┊  }  
   }
 
   mysql_close(&mysql);
   return 0;
 }

C++ encapsulation of MyDB class

Later, these functions were simply encapsulated for easy use in the future.

 /*************************************************************************
   > File Name: myDB.h
   > Author: Tanswer_
   > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
   > Created Time: 2017年05月28日 星期日 22时26分22秒
 ************************************************************************/
  
 #ifndef _MYDB_H
 #define _MYDB_H
  
 #include <string>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <mysql/mysql.h>
 using namespace std;
  
 class MyDB
 { 
  
 public:
   MyDB();
   ~MyDB();
   bool InitDB(string host,string user,string pwd,string dbname);                          
   bool ExeSQL(string sql);
 private:
   MYSQL* mysql;
   MYSQL* mysql;
   MYSQL_ROW row;
   MYSQL_RES* result;
   MYSQL_FIELD* field;                                                
 };
  
  
 #endif                                                           

 /*************************************************************************                      
   > File Name: myDB.cpp
   > Author: Tanswer_
   > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
   > Created Time: 2017年05月28日 星期日 22时27分18秒
 ************************************************************************/
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 #include <stack>
 #include <algorithm>   
 #include <mysql/mysql.h> 
 #include "myDB.h"
 
 using namespace std;
 
 MyDB::MyDB()   
 {
   mysql = mysql_init(NULL);
   if(mysql == NULL)
   {
   ┊  cout << "Error: " << mysql_error(mysql);
   ┊  exit(-1);
   }      
 }
 
 MyDB::~MyDB()
 {                                                           
   if(!mysql)
   {
   ┊  mysql_close(mysql);
   }
 }
 
 bool MyDB::InitDB(string host,string user,string pwd,string dbname)
 {
   /*连接数据库*/
   if(!mysql_real_connect(mysql,host.c_str(),user.c_str(),pwd.c_str(),dbname.c_str(),0,NULL,0))
   {
   ┊  cout << "connect fial: " << mysql_error(mysql);
   ┊  exit(-1);
   }
   return true;
 }
 
 bool MyDB::ExeSQL(string sql)
 {
   /*执行失败*/
   if(mysql_query(mysql,sql.c_str()))
   {
   ┊  cout << "query fail: " << mysql_error(mysql);
   ┊  exit(1);                                                   
   }
 
   else
   {
   ┊  /*获取结果集*/
   ┊  result = mysql_store_result(mysql);
 
   ┊  int fieldnum = mysql_num_fields(result);
   ┊  for(int i=0; i<fieldnum; i++)
   ┊  {
   ┊  ┊  row = mysql_fetch_row(result);
   ┊  ┊  if(row <= 0)
   ┊  ┊  ┊  break;
   ┊  ┊  for(int j=0; j<fieldnum; j++)
   ┊  ┊  {
   ┊  ┊  ┊  cout << row[j] << "\t\t";
   ┊  ┊  }
   ┊  ┊  cout << endl;
   ┊  }
   ┊  mysql_free_result(result);
   }
   return true;
 }

 /*************************************************************************                      
   > File Name: main.cpp
   > Author: Tanswer_
   > Mail: 98duxm@gmail.com
   > Created Time: 2017年05月28日 星期日 22时53分43秒
 ************************************************************************/
    
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 #include <stack>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <mysql/mysql.h>
 #include "myDB.h"
    
 using namespace std;
    
    
 int main()
 {   
   MyDB db;
   db.InitDB("localhost","root","xxxxxx","Student");
   db.ExeSQL("SELECT * FROM Infor;");
   return 0;
 }

The following are the running results:

The following are the problems encountered:
1. Error during compilation
There is no such file or directory

#include<mysql/mysql.h> 
^

Compilation interrupted.
Solution: In addition to mysql-client and mysql-server, installed mysql-devel, and then the problem was solved.

2. Customized variablesA problem occurs when passing in the sql statement

在网上查找到这样一种格式，
string sql = "INSERT INTO Infor (name,sex,tel,addr,age) values('"+fname+"','"+fsex+"','"+ftel+"','"+faddr+"', "+IntToStr(fage)+");";
然后string类型的可以成功，整型的变量还是不行，我又写了个函数把int转为string。

 string IntToStr(int num)
 {         
   stringstream ss;
   ss.clear();
   ss << num;
   return ss.str();
 }

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