Share examples of duck classes and polymorphism in Python

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1. What is polymorphism

##<1>One type has multiple types Ability

<2>Allows different objects to react flexibly to the same message
<3>Treat each used object in a common way
<4>Non-dynamic languages ​​must pass Implemented through inheritance and interfaces

2. Polymorphism in python

<1>通过继承实现多态（子类可以作为父类来使用）
<2>子类通过重载父类的方法实现多态

class Animal:
  def move(self):
    print(&#39;animal is moving....&#39;)
class Dog(Animal):
  pass
def move(obj):
  obj.move()

>>>move(Animal())
>>>animal is moving....
>>>move(Dog())
>>>animal is moving....

class Fish(Animal):
  def move(self):
    print(&#39;fish is moving....&#39;)
>>>move(Fish())
>>>fish is moving....

3. Dynamic language and Duck typing

<1>The type of variable binding is undefined

<2>Functions and methods can receive parameters of any type

<3>Do not check the provided parameter type when calling a method

<4>Whether the call is successful is determined by the methods and attributes of the parameters. If the call is unsuccessful, it will throw An error occurred

<5>No need to implement the interface

class P:
  def init(self, x, y):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
  def add(self, oth):
    return P(self.x+oth.x, self.y+oth.y)
  def info(self):
    print(self.x, self.y)
class D(P):
  def init(self, x, y, z):
    super.init(x, y)
    self.z = z

  def add(self, oth):
    return D(self.x+oth.x, self.y+oth.y, self.z+oth.z)
  def info(self):
    print(self.x, self.y, self.z)

class F:
  def init(self, x, y, z):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
    self.z = z

  def add(self, oth):
    return D(self.x+oth.x, self.y+oth.y, self.z+oth.z)
  
  def info(self):
    print(self.x, self.y, self.z)
  

def add(a, b):
  return a + b

if name == 'main':
  add(p(1, 2), p(3, 4).info())
  add(D(1, 2, 3), D(1, 2, 3).info())
  add(F(2, 3, 4), D(2, 3, 4).info())

4. The benefits of polymorphism

< ;1> It can realize open expansion and closed modification

<2>Make python program more flexible

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