Solutions to the Chinese display problem of python matplotlib drawings in Linux systems

This article mainly introduces how to solve the Chinese display problem of python matplotlib drawing in the Linux system. Friends who need it can refer to it

I want to learn some python data analysis content recently, just I made a crawler to crawl some data, and planned to use Anaconda's set of tools (pandas, numpy, scipy, matplotlib, jupyter) to conduct some preliminary data mining and analysis.

When using matplotlib to draw, the abscissa is in Chinese, but the abscissa of the drawn bar chart always shows "frame", so I went to check the information to solve it. I feel that this should be a relatively common problem. There are indeed a lot of Chinese materials on the Internet, but none of them completely solved the problem I encountered. It took almost 3 hours of piecemeal work to finally get it done. I would like to share this in the hope that it can help other children who have the same problem.

Running environment:

• python2.7

• Linux Centos7

• Use conda to install ’s matplotlib and pandas

Question:

• matplotlib drawing, unable to display Chinese

##Cause of the problem:

• There is no Chinese font available in the linux operating system and matplotlib font library

##The matplotlib package only supports ASCII code by default and does not support unicode code
Summary of online information:

Modify matplotlib resources
• Configuration file

  , for example, add "Simhei" font (this font is not all All Linux systems have it! Modification has no effect)

Install Chinese fonts for Linux and modify the resource configuration file of matplotlib. (Haha, it doesn’t work)

Solution: In fact, it is also a combination of various solutions on the Internet . Generally speaking, there are the following steps:

1. Get the path where the matplotlibrc file is located. Get in jupyter notebook:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()

For example, my file is at:

u'~/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'

Follow up The steps will modify the font parameter in this file.

2. Look at all the fonts in the system and the available Chinese fonts. Also in jupyter nb:

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManager
import subprocess
fm = FontManager()
mat_fonts = set(f.name for f in fm.ttflist)
print mat_fonts
output = subprocess.check_output(
  'fc-list :lang=zh -f "%{family}\n"', shell=True)
print '*' * 10, '系统可用的中文字体', '*' * 10
print output
zh_fonts = set(f.split(',', 1)[0] for f in output.split('\n'))
available = mat_fonts & zh_fonts
print '*' * 10, '可用的字体', '*' * 10
for f in available:
  print f

After completing the above operation, you will find that the "Available Fonts" is empty. Because there are no Chinese fonts for matplotlib (that's why Chinese characters are all displayed as "boxes")

3. Assume that there are no Chinese fonts in the operating system. At this time, download a ttf Chinese font and install it in cenos. You must install a system that can detect

font-family

, otherwise it will be invalid. I downloaded it from this website: http://font.chinaz.com/130130474870.htmUnzip the rar file. Create the folder yourfontdir to store this font under the /usr/share/fonts path, and copy the downloaded ttf file to yourfontdir (you can change the file to an English name for easier operation)

4. Install cenos this font.

cd /usr/share/fonts/yourfontsdir
#生成字体索引信息. 会显示字体的font-family
sudo mkfontscale
sudo mkfontdir
#更新字体缓存：
fc-cache

5. Modify the matplotlibrc file

Modify the matplotlibrc file configuration obtained in step 1.

Remove the comments in the font.family part and add a Chinese font to the font.serif support font. Here, add the font-family of the Chinese font you just downloaded. You can search it through the fc-list command (so it is best to write it down before). What I added here is the "WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono" font.

The following comment must be removed, otherwise the Chinese minus sign will also display a square:

axes.unicode_minus : False

6. This step is the most important! Add Chinese fonts to matplotlib

After completing step 5, and then proceed to step 2, you will find that the "Available Chinese Fonts" already has the font you just installed, but the drawing still cannot display Chinese. This is because you installed the font in centos and told matplotlib to use this font, but matplotlib cannot find the ttf file of this font. . . . So I need to get one for it.

Copy the downloaded ttf font to the following path:

~/miniconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf

and

delete the

related cache. In the following path:

~/.cache/matplotlib

Delete the cache related to the font

7. Now try to draw a picture again. Done.

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