Examples of installation, uninstallation and management of RPM

Under the Linux operating system, almost all software is installed, uninstalled and managed through RPM. The full name of RPM is Redhat Package Manager, which is a software proposed by Redhat Company for managing software packages under Linux. When installing Linux, except for a few core modules, almost all other modules are installed through RPM. RPM has five operating modes, namely: Installation, Uninstallation, Upgrade, Query and Verification.

1) Use RPM to install the software package. The simplest command is as follows:

1 #rpm -i example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包；
2 #rpm -iv example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包并在安装过程中显示正在安装的文件信息；
3 #rpm -ivh example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包并在安装过程中显示正在安装的文件信息及安装进度

2) Delete the installed software package
To uninstall the software To package example, just enter the following line of command:

1 # rpm -e example

Note: The software package name is example, not the rpm file name "example.rpm".

3) Upgrading software packages
Upgrading software is similar to installing software:

1 # rpm -Uvh example.rpm

Users should note that: rpm will automatically uninstall the old version of the corresponding software package . If the configuration file of the old version of the software is incompatible with the new version, rpm will automatically save it as another file, and the user will see the following information:

saving /etc/example.conf as /etc/example.conf.rpmsave

In this way, the user can Change the corresponding configuration files manually.
In addition, if the user wants to install an old version of the software, the user will see the following error message:

# rpm -Uvh example.rpm

examle packag example-2.0-l(which is newer) is already installed

error:example.rpm cannot be installed

If the user wants to force the installation, use - oldpackage parameter.

4) Query the software package
Users can use rpm -q to query the corresponding software in the rpm database. rpm will give the name, version and release version number of the software package, for example:

1 # rpm -q example

The following are the specific parameters that can be used when querying:
-a: Query all software packages currently installed on the system.
-f file name: Query the software package including this file.
-F ：Same as -f parameter, except that the input is standard input (for example, find /usr/bin | rpm -qF)
-q Software package name: Query the software package
-Q ：Same as -p Parameters, only the input is standard input (for example, find /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS | rpm -qQ)
The following is the format selection when output:
-i displays the name, description, release, size of the software package , compilation date, installation date, developer and other information.
-l Display the files included in the software package
-s Display the current status of the files included in the software package. There are only two states: normal and missing
-d Display the documents in the software package (such as man, info , README, etc.)
-c displays the configuration files in the software package. These files generally need to be modified manually by the user after installation, such as: sendmail.cf, passwd, inittab, etc.
If you use the -v parameter, you can get Similar to the output of ls -l

5) Use rpm to verify the software package

1 rpm -Vf 需要验证到包

rpm Practical tips!
1) Users can install software packages through FTP. If the user is able to connect to the Internet and wants to install a new software package, he can directly use its URL address to install it:
For example: now there is it under ftp.linuxsir.com/pub/linux/redhat/RPMS/ This file package: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm, then you can use this command:

1 # rpm -i ftp.linuxsir.com/pub/linux/redhat/RPMS/foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm

to install it, or you can query it!

2) If the user accidentally deletes several files, but is not sure which files they are, and wants to verify the entire system to understand which parts may have been damaged, you can use:

1 # rpm -Va

3) If the user encounters a file that is not available and wants to know which software package it belongs to, he can do this:

1 # rpm -qf /usr/X11R6/bin/xjewel

The result will be the following information:

xjewel-1.6-1

4) If the user gets a new RPM file but does not know it content; or if you want to know which files a certain file package will install in the system, you can do this:

1 # rpm -qpi koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm

The result will be a lot of information.

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