Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Detailed explanation of PHP custom function definition and syntax examples

Detailed explanation of PHP custom function definition and syntax examples

Jun 26, 2017 pm 01:24 PM
php function definition Example customize grammar

函数的定义

用户函数的定义从function 关键字开始,如下

function foo($var) {    
echo $var;
}
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1、词法分析

在Zend/zend_language_scanner.l中我们找到如下所示的代码:

<ST_IN_SCRIPTING>"function" {    
  return T_FUNCTION;
}
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它所表示的含义是function将会生成T_FUNCTION标记。在获取这个标记后,我们开始语法分析。

2、语法分析

在Zend/zend_language_parser.y文件中找到函数的声明过程标记如下:

function:
    T_FUNCTION { $$.u.opline_num = CG(zend_lineno); }
;
 
is_reference:
        /* empty */ { $$.op_type = ZEND_RETURN_VAL; }
    |   &#39;&&#39;         { $$.op_type = ZEND_RETURN_REF; }
;
 
unticked_function_declaration_statement:
        function is_reference T_STRING {
zend_do_begin_function_declaration(&$1, &$3, 0, $2.op_type, NULL TSRMLS_CC); }
            &#39;(&#39; parameter_list &#39;)&#39; &#39;{&#39; inner_statement_list &#39;}&#39; {
                zend_do_end_function_declaration(&$1 TSRMLS_CC); }
;
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关注点在function is_reference T_STRING,表示function关键字,是否引用,函数名

T_FUNCTION标记只是用来定位函数的声明,表示这是一个函数,而更多的工作是与这个函数相关的东西,包括参数,返回值。

3、生成中间代码

语法解析后,我们看到所执行编译函数为zend_do_begin_function_declaration。在Zend/zend_complie.c文件找到其实现如下:

void zend_do_begin_function_declaration(znode *function_token, znode 
*function_name,
 int is_method, int return_reference, znode *fn_flags_znode TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ 
*/
{
    ...//省略
    function_token->u.op_array = CG(active_op_array);
    lcname = zend_str_tolower_dup(name, name_len);
 
    orig_interactive = CG(interactive);
    CG(interactive) = 0;
    init_op_array(&op_array, ZEND_USER_FUNCTION, INITIAL_OP_ARRAY_SIZE 
TSRMLS_CC);
    CG(interactive) = orig_interactive;
 
     ...//省略
 
    if (is_method) {
        ...//省略,类方法 在后面的章节介绍
„!ǶGH
    } else {
        zend_op *opline = get_next_op(CG(active_op_array) TSRMLS_CC);
 
 
        opline->opcode = ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION;
        opline->op1.op_type = IS_CONST;
        build_runtime_defined_function_key(&opline->op1.u.constant, lcname,
            name_len TSRMLS_CC);
        opline->op2.op_type = IS_CONST;
        opline->op2.u.constant.type = IS_STRING;
        opline->op2.u.constant.value.str.val = lcname;
        opline->op2.u.constant.value.str.len = name_len;
        Z_SET_REFCOUNT(opline->op2.u.constant, 1);
        opline->extended_value = ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION;
        zend_hash_update(CG(function_table), opline-
>op1.u.constant.value.str.val,
            opline->op1.u.constant.value.str.len, &op_array, 
sizeof(zend_op_array),
             (void **) &CG(active_op_array));
    }
 
}
/* }}} */
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生成的代码为ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION,根据这个中间的代码及操作数对应的op_type。我们可以找到中间代码的执行函数为ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION_SPEC_HANDLER。

在生成中间代码的时候,可以看到已经统一了函数名全部为小写,表示函数的名称不是区  分大小写的。

为验证这个实现,我们看一段代码

function T() {
    echo 1;
}
 
function t() {
    echo 2;
}
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执行代码会报错Fatal error: Cannot redeclare t() (previously declared in ...)

表示对于PHP来说T和t是同一个函数名,校验函数名是否重复,这个过程是在哪进行的呢?

4、执行中间代码

在Zend/zend_vm_execute.h文件中找到ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION中间代码对应的执行函数:ZEND_DECLARE_FUNCTION_SPEC_HANDLER。此函数只调用了函数do_bind_function。其调用代码为:

do_bind_function(EX(opline), EG(function_table), 0);
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 在这个函数中将EX(opline)所指向的函数添加到EG(function_table)中,并判断是否已经存在相同名字的函数,如果存在则报错,EG(function_table)用来存放执行过程中全部的函数信息,相当于函数的注册表。它的结构是一个HashTable,所以在do_bind_function函数中添加新的函数使用的是HashTable的操作函数zend_hash_add

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