Introduction to new features such as php7 functions, declarations, return values, etc.

Use the... operator to define variable-length parameter functions (PHP 5 >= 5.6.0, PHP 7)

You can now use... . operator to implement variable-length parameter functions.

<?php
function f($req, $opt = null, ...$params) {
 // $params 是一个包含了剩余参数的数组
 printf(&#39;$req: %d; $opt: %d; number of params: %d&#39;."\n",
   $req, $opt, count($params));
}

f(1);
f(1, 2);
f(1, 2, 3);
f(1, 2, 3, 4);
f(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
?>

The above routine will output:

$req: 1; $opt: 0; number of params: 0
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params : 0
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 1
$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 2
$req: 1; $opt: 2 ; number of params: 3

Use... operator for parameter expansion (PHP 5 >= 5.6.0, PHP 7)

When calling the function When using the... operator, arrays and traversable objects are expanded into function parameters. In other programming languages, such as Ruby, this is called the concatenation operator.

<?php
function add($a, $b, $c) {
 return $a + $b + $c;
}

$operators = [2, 3];
echo add(1, ...$operators);
?>

The above routine will output:

6

use function and use const (PHP 5 >= 5.6.0, PHP 7)

The use operator has been extended to support importing external functions and constants into the class. The corresponding structures are use function and use const.

<?php
namespace Name\Space {
 const FOO = 42;
 function f() { echo FUNCTION."\n"; }
}

namespace {
 use const Name\Space\FOO;
 use function Name\Space\f;

 echo FOO."\n";
 f();
}
?>

The above routine will output:

42

Name\Space\f

debugInfo() (PHP 5 > = 5.6.0, PHP 7)

Add debugInfo(), which can be used to control the attributes and values ​​to be output when using var_dump() to output objects.

<?php
class C {
 private $prop;

 public function construct($val) {
  $this->prop = $val;
 }

 public function debugInfo() {
  return [
   &#39;propSquared&#39; => $this->prop ** 2,
  ];
 }
}

var_dump(new C(42));
?>

The above routine will output:

object(C)#1 (1) {
 ["propSquared"]=>
 int(1764)
}

Scalar type declaration (PHP 7)

There are two modes for scalar type declaration: Enforcement (default) and strict mode. The following type parameters are now available (either in forced or strict mode): String(string), integer (int), floating point number (float), and boolean (bool). They extend other types introduced in PHP5: class names, interfaces, arrays and callback types.

<?php
// Coercive mode
function sumOfInts(int ...$ints)
{
 return array_sum($ints);
}

var_dump(sumOfInts(2, &#39;3&#39;, 4.1));

The above routine will output:

int(9)

To use strict mode, a declare declaration directive must be placed at the top of the file. This means that scalars are strictly declared configurable on a file basis. This directive not only affects the type declaration of the parameters, but also affects the return value declaration of the function (see return value type declaration, built-in PHP functions and PHP functions loaded in extensions)

Return value type declaration (PHP 7)

PHP 7 adds support for return type declaration. Similar to the parameter type declaration, the return type declaration specifies the type of the function's return value. The available types are the same as those available in the parameter declaration.

<?php

function arraysSum(array ...$arrays): array
{
 return array_map(function(array $array): int {
  return array_sum($array);
 }, $arrays);
}

print_r(arraysSum([1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]));

The above routine will output:

Array
(
[0] => 6
[1] => 15
[2] => 24
)

##null coalescing operator (PHP 7)

Due to the large number of simultaneous uses of ternary in daily use In the case of expressions and isset(), we add the syntax sugar of null coalescing operator (??). If the variable exists and is not NULL, it returns its own value, otherwise it returns its second operand.

<?php
// Fetches the value of $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] and returns &#39;nobody&#39;
// if it does not exist.
$username = $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] ?? &#39;nobody&#39;;
// This is equivalent to:
$username = isset($_GET[&#39;user&#39;]) ? $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] : &#39;nobody&#39;;

// Coalesces can be chained: this will return the first
// defined value out of $_GET[&#39;user&#39;], $_POST[&#39;user&#39;], and
// &#39;nobody&#39;.
$username = $_GET[&#39;user&#39;] ?? $_POST[&#39;user&#39;] ?? &#39;nobody&#39;;
?>

Spaceship operator (combined comparison operator) (PHP 7)
##The spaceship operator is used to compare two expressions. It returns -1, 0 or 1 when $a is less than, equal to or greater than $b respectively. The principle of comparison follows PHP's regular comparison rules.

<?php
// Integers
echo 1 <=> 1; // 0
echo 1 <=> 2; // -1
echo 2 <=> 1; // 1

// Floats
echo 1.5 <=> 1.5; // 0
echo 1.5 <=> 2.5; // -1
echo 2.5 <=> 1.5; // 1
 
// Strings
echo "a" <=> "a"; // 0
echo "a" <=> "b"; // -1
echo "b" <=> "a"; // 1
?>

Defining constant arrays via define() (PHP 7)

Constants of type Array can now be defined via define(). In PHP5.6 it can only be defined via const.

<?php
define(&#39;ANIMALS&#39;, [
 &#39;dog&#39;,
 &#39;cat&#39;,
 &#39;bird&#39;
]);

echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"
?>

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