Delegation pattern example tutorial in php
委托模式是软件设计模式中的一项基本技巧。在委托模式中,有两个对象参与处理同一个请求,接受请求的对象将请求委托给另一个对象来处理。委托模式是一项基本技巧,许多其他的模式,如状态模式、策略模式、访问者模式本质上是在更特殊的场合采用了委托模式。
动态委托的介绍:动态委托概念来自于Jakarta 字节码工程库 (Byte-Code Engineering Library, BCEL)。它能够分析存在的类,并且对于接口,抽象类,甚至运行时的具体类来说,它能够生成以字节编码委托类。
被委托的接口/类应该满足如下条件:动态委托最多只能委托一个类,但是能够代理多个接口。这个限制来自于Java的单继承模式。一个Java类最多只有一个父类。既然生成的委托类把被委托类作为它的父类,那么指定多个被委托类是不合理的。如果没有指定被委托类,那么缺省的父类就是Object。
下面是PHP 反射机制实现动态代理的代码:
<?php class Fruit { function callFruit() { print "Generate an Apple"; } } class FruitDelegator { private $targets; function construct() { $this->target[] = new Fruit(); } function call($name, $args) { foreach ($this->target as $obj) { $r = new ReflectionClass($obj); if ($method = $r->getMethod($name)) { if ($method->isPublic() && !$method->isAbstract()) { return $method->invoke($obj, $args); } } } } } $obj = new FruitDelegator(); $obj->callFruit(); // 运行结果 // Generate an Apple ?>
可见,通过代理类FruitDelegator来代替Fruit类来实现他的方法。
同样的,如下的代码也是能够运行的:
<?php class Color { function callColor() { print "Generate Red"; } } class ColorDelegator { private $targets; function addObject($obj) { $this->target[] = $obj; } function call($name, $args) { foreach ($this->target as $obj) { $r = new ReflectionClass($obj); if ($method = $r->getMethod($name)) { if ($method->isPublic() && !$method->isAbstract()) { return $method->invoke($obj, $args); } } } } } $obj = new ColorDelegator(); $obj->addObject(new Color()); $obj->callColor(); ?>
设计了一个cd类,类中有mp3播放模式,和mp4播放模式
改进前,使用cd类的播放模式,需要在实例化的类中去判断选择什么方式的播放模式
改进后,播放模式当做一个参数传入playList函数中,就自动能找到对应需要播放的方法。
一、未改进前
<?php //使用委托模式之前,调用cd类,选择cd播放模式是复杂的选择过程 class cd { protected $cdInfo = array(); public function addSong($song) { $this->cdInfo[$song] = $song; } public function playMp3($song) { return $this->cdInfo[$song] . '.mp3'; } public function playMp4($song) { return $this->cdInfo[$song] . '.mp4'; } } $oldCd = new cd; $oldCd->addSong("1"); $oldCd->addSong("2"); $oldCd->addSong("3"); $type = 'mp3'; if ($type == 'mp3') { $oldCd->playMp3(); } else { $oldCd->playMp4(); }
二、通过委托模式,改进后的cd类
<?php namespace Tools; /* 委托模式 去除核心对象中的判决和复杂功能性 */ //委托接口 interface Delegate{ public function playList($list,$song); } //mp3处理类 class mp3 implements Delegate{ public function playList($list,$song){ return $list[$song].'.mp3'; } } //mp4处理类 class mp4 implements Delegate{ public function playList($list, $song) { return $list[$song].'.mp4'; } } class cdDelegate{ protected $cdInfo = array(); public function addSong($song){ $this->cdInfo[$song] = $song; } public function play($type,$song){ $name = '\Tools\\'.$type; $obj = new $name; return $obj->playList($this->cdInfo,$song); } } $newCd = new cdDelegate(); $newCd->addSong("1"); $newCd->addSong("2"); $newCd->addSong("3"); echo $newCd->play('mp3','1');//只要传递参数就能知道需要选择何种播放模式
再为大家分享一个实例:
<?php /** * 委托模式 示例 */ class PlayList { var $_songs = array(); var $_object = null; function PlayList($type) { $object = $type."PlayListDelegation"; $this->_object = new $object(); } function addSong($location,$title) { $this->_songs[] = array("location"=>$location,"title"=>$title); } function getPlayList() { return $this->_object->getPlayList($this->_songs); } } class mp3PlayListDelegation { function getPlayList($songs) { $aResult = array(); foreach($songs as $key=>$item) { $path = pathinfo($item['location']); if(strtolower($item['extension']) == "mp3") { $aResult[] = $item; } } return $aResult; } } class rmvbPlayListDelegation { function getPlayList($songs) { $aResult = array(); foreach($songs as $key=>$item) { $path = pathinfo($item['location']); if(strtolower($item['extension']) == "rmvb") { $aResult[] = $item; } } return $aResult; } } $oMP3PlayList = new PlayList("mp3"); $oMP3PlayList->getPlayList(); $oRMVBPlayList = new PlayList("rmvb"); $oRMVBPlayList->getPlayList(); ?>
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