Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP数组交集的优化代码分析_php技巧

PHP数组交集的优化代码分析_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 09:21 AM
php Array intersection

不过由于手机的参数多,且不同的手机其参数差异大,所以参数表结构通常是纵表(一个参数是一行),而不是横表(一个参数是一列),此时使用若干参数来取结果,通常就是把每个单独参数来取结果,再一起取交集。
假定每个参数会包含一千个左右的唯一结果(id int),以此为前提来模拟生成一些数据:

复制代码 代码如下:

$rand = function() {
$result = array();
for ($i = 0; $i $value = mt_rand(1, 10000);
if (!isset($result[$value])) {
$result[$value] = null;
$i++;
}
}
return array_keys($result);
};
$param_a = $rand();
$param_b = $rand();
?>

注意:如果测试数据集过小的话,结论可能会出现不一致,先来看看通过PHP内置方法array_intersect实现的性能:
复制代码 代码如下:

$time = microtime(true);
$result = array_intersect($param_a, $param_b);
$time = microtime(true) - $time;
echo "array_intersect: {$time}\n";
?>

再来看看通过自定义方法intersect实现的性能:
复制代码 代码如下:

function intersect() {
if (func_num_args() trigger_error('param error', E_USER_ERROR);
}
$args = func_get_args();
foreach ($args AS $arg) {
if (!is_array($arg)) {
trigger_error('param error', E_USER_ERROR);
}
}
$intersect = function($a, $b) {
$result = array();
$length_a = count($a);
$length_b = count($b);
for ($i = 0, $j = 0; $i if($a[$i] $i++;
} else if($a[$i] > $b[$j]) {
$j++;
} else {
$result[] = $a[$i];
$i++;
$j++;
}
}
return $result;
};
$result = array_shift($args);
sort($result);
foreach ($args as $arg) {
sort($arg);
$result = $intersect($result, $arg);
}
return $result;
}
$time = microtime(true);
$result = intersect($param_a, $param_b);
$time = microtime(true) - $time;
echo "intersect: {$time}\n";
?>

直觉上,我们肯定会认为内置函数快于自定义函数,但本例中结果恰恰相反:
array_intersect: 0.023918151855469
intersect: 0.0026049613952637
需要提醒大家的是,array_intersect和intersect在功能上并不完全等价,例子如下:
复制代码 代码如下:

$param_a = array(1, 2, 2);
$param_b = array(1, 2, 3);
var_dump(
array_intersect($param_a, $param_b),
intersect($param_a, $param_b)
);

array_intersect: 1, 2, 2
intersect: 1, 2
也就是说,如果在第一个数组参数中有重复元素的话,则array_intersect会返回所有满足条件的重复元素,而不是仅仅返回一个,有兴趣的读者可以变换一下参数顺序再看结果。
再唠叨一下,最初我写intersect方法时,大概写成下面这个样子:
复制代码 代码如下:

function intersect() {
if (func_num_args() trigger_error('param error', E_USER_ERROR);
}
$args = func_get_args();
foreach ($args AS $arg) {
if (!is_array($arg)) {
trigger_error('param error', E_USER_ERROR);
}
}
$result = array();
$data = array_count_values(
call_user_func_array('array_merge', $args)
);
foreach ($data AS $value => $count) {
if ($count > 1) {
$result[] = $value;
}
}
return $result;
}
?>

代码更简洁,不过有一个弊端,因为使用了array_merge,所以当数组中元素非常多的时候,占用的内存会比较大,反之如果数组中元素不是非常多,那么此方法也是可行的。(来源:火丁笔记)
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