Summary of how to use the OS standard library in Python
python中的OS库提供了使用各种操作系统功能的接口。是经常用到的一个库,所以这篇文章主要给大家总结介绍了关于Python中标准库OS的常用方法,文中给出了详细的示例代码供大家参考学习,需要的朋友们下面来一起看看吧。
前言
我们经常会与文件和目录打交道,对于这些操作python提供了一个os模块,里面包含了很多操作文件和目录的函数。在写一些系统脚本或者自动化运维脚本的时候经常会用到这个 os 库,所以这里做个整理,方便需要的时候或者需要的朋友查找学习,下面话不多说,来一起看看详细的介绍吧。
1、os.sep
获得当前操作系统使用的目录分隔符,比如 Windows 就会得到\而 Linux/Unix 就会得到/os.name
获得当前使用的操作系统,Windows 是 NT 内核,所以会得到nt,而 Linux/Unix 用户则会得到posix
2、os.getcwd()
获得当前工作目录,即当前 Python 脚本工作的目录路径。
3、os.getenv()
用来获得环境变量
os.getenv('PATH')
4、os.environ
可以获取并修改环境变量
print(os.environ['PATH']) os.environ += 'D:/testdir/bin/' print(os.environ["PATH"])
5、os.listdir()
列出某目录下所有的目录和文件
print(os.listdir())
6、os.remove()
删除文件
os.remove('D:/test.file')
7、os.system()
运行 Shell 或者 CMD 命令
os.system('ifconfig')
8、os.linesep
获取当前平台使用的行终止符。例如,Windows 使用\r\n,Linux 使用\n而 Mac 使用\r。
9、os.path.split()
获得一个列表,list[0] 是路径的,list[1] 是文件名
path = 'D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe' print(os.path.split(path)[0]) print(os.path.split(path)[1])
10、os.path.isfile()
和 os.path.isdir()
判断路径是不是文件 / 目录
print(os.path.isfile('D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe')) print(os.path.isdir('D:/game/gtav/bin'))
11、os.path.existe()
函数用来检验给出的路径是否真地存在
path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin' print(os.path.exists(path)) path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin\\hadoop' print(os.path.exists(path))
12、os.chdir(dirname)
切换工作目录,相当于cd的命令
os.chdir('D:/game/gtav/') print(os.getcwd())
13、os.path.getsize(name)
获取文件大小,以字节为单位
size = os.path.getsize('D:/iso/debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso') print(size/1024/1024/1024, 'GB')
14、os.path.abspath(name)
获取绝对路径,如果在 Python 工作目录下有一个文件file.txt,那么我就可以直接open('file.txt'),也可以用该方法获得其绝对路径print(os.path.abspath('file.txt'))。也可以用来规范路径字符串print(os.path.abspath('D:/game\gtav\bin/gtav.exe'))
15、os.path.normpath(path)
专门用来规范路径
path = 'D:/test/sdf\zfb' print(os.path.normpath(path))
16、os.path.splitext()
获取文件名和扩展名
path = '/home/shawn/hello.py' print(os.path.splitext(path))
17、os.path.join(path,name)
连接目录和文件名,可以不用自己添加分隔符,能减少 bug 率提升跨平台性
18、os.path.basename(path)
获取路径中的文件名
19、os.path.dirname(path)
获取路径中的目录名
总结
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