Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Summary of how to use the OS standard library in Python

Summary of how to use the OS standard library in Python

Jul 20, 2017 pm 03:16 PM
python Instructions Summarize

python中的OS库提供了使用各种操作系统功能的接口。是经常用到的一个库,所以这篇文章主要给大家总结介绍了关于Python中标准库OS的常用方法,文中给出了详细的示例代码供大家参考学习,需要的朋友们下面来一起看看吧。

前言

我们经常会与文件和目录打交道,对于这些操作python提供了一个os模块,里面包含了很多操作文件和目录的函数。在写一些系统脚本或者自动化运维脚本的时候经常会用到这个 os 库,所以这里做个整理,方便需要的时候或者需要的朋友查找学习,下面话不多说,来一起看看详细的介绍吧。

1、os.sep

获得当前操作系统使用的目录分隔符,比如 Windows 就会得到\而 Linux/Unix 就会得到/
os.name

获得当前使用的操作系统,Windows 是 NT 内核,所以会得到nt,而 Linux/Unix 用户则会得到posix

2、os.getcwd()

获得当前工作目录,即当前 Python 脚本工作的目录路径。

3、os.getenv()

用来获得环境变量


os.getenv('PATH')
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4、os.environ

可以获取并修改环境变量


print(os.environ['PATH'])
os.environ += 'D:/testdir/bin/'
print(os.environ["PATH"])
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5、os.listdir()

列出某目录下所有的目录和文件


print(os.listdir())
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6、os.remove()

删除文件


os.remove('D:/test.file')
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7、os.system()

运行 Shell 或者 CMD 命令


os.system('ifconfig')
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8、os.linesep

获取当前平台使用的行终止符。例如,Windows 使用\r\n,Linux 使用\n而 Mac 使用\r。

9、os.path.split()

获得一个列表,list[0] 是路径的,list[1] 是文件名


path = 'D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe'
print(os.path.split(path)[0])
print(os.path.split(path)[1])
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10、os.path.isfile() os.path.isdir()

判断路径是不是文件 / 目录


print(os.path.isfile('D:/game/gtav/bin/gtav.exe'))
print(os.path.isdir('D:/game/gtav/bin'))
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11、os.path.existe()

函数用来检验给出的路径是否真地存在


path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin'
print(os.path.exists(path))
path = 'D:\\hadoop-2.6.5\\bin\\hadoop'
print(os.path.exists(path))
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12、os.chdir(dirname)

切换工作目录,相当于cd的命令


os.chdir('D:/game/gtav/')
print(os.getcwd())
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13、os.path.getsize(name)

获取文件大小,以字节为单位


size = os.path.getsize('D:/iso/debian-8.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso')
print(size/1024/1024/1024, 'GB')
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14、os.path.abspath(name)

获取绝对路径,如果在 Python 工作目录下有一个文件file.txt,那么我就可以直接open('file.txt'),也可以用该方法获得其绝对路径print(os.path.abspath('file.txt'))。也可以用来规范路径字符串print(os.path.abspath('D:/game\gtav\bin/gtav.exe'))

15、os.path.normpath(path)

专门用来规范路径


path = 'D:/test/sdf\zfb'
print(os.path.normpath(path))
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16、os.path.splitext()

获取文件名和扩展名


path = '/home/shawn/hello.py'
print(os.path.splitext(path))
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17、os.path.join(path,name)

连接目录和文件名,可以不用自己添加分隔符,能减少 bug 率提升跨平台性

18、os.path.basename(path)

获取路径中的文件名

19、os.path.dirname(path)

获取路径中的目录名

总结

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