Home Backend Development Python Tutorial Detailed explanation of layout operations and module structure in Python

Detailed explanation of layout operations and module structure in Python

Jul 24, 2017 pm 03:13 PM
python operate

This article mainly introduces the Python module structure and layout operation methods, and analyzes the related concepts, usage methods and related precautions of Python modules and layout in the form of examples. Friends in need can refer to this article

Examples describe the Python module structure and layout operation methods. Share it with everyone for your reference, the details are as follows:


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#coding=utf8

#起始行

#!/usr/bin/env python

#模块文档

'''''

合理的Module布局:

(1) 起始行(Unix)

(2) 模块文档

(3) 模块导入

(4) 变量定义

(5) 类定义

(6) 函数定义

(7) 主程序

-----------------------------

(1) 起始行(Unix)

通常只有在类Unix环境下才使用起始行,有起始行可以输入脚本名来执行脚本。

(2) 模块文档

简要介绍模块功能及重要全局变量的含义,模块外可以通过module.__doc__访问这些内容。

(3) 模块导入

导入当前模块的代码需要的所有模块;每个模块仅导入一次;

函数内部的模块导入代码不会被执行,除非该函数正在执行。

(4) 变量定义

这里定义的变量为全局变量,本模块中的所有函数都可以直接使用。

尽量使用局部变量代替全局变量,这样不但容易维护,还可以提高性能并节省内存。

(5) 类定义

所有的类需要在这里定义。当模块被导入时class语句会被执行,类也会被定义。

类的文档变量是class.__doc__

(6) 函数定义

此处定义的函数可以通过module.function()在外部被访问到,当模块被导入时def语句会被执行,

函数也就会定义好,函数的文档变量是function.__doc__

(7) 主程序

无论这个模块使被别的模块导入还是作为脚本直接执行,都会执行这部分代码。

通常这里不会有太多功能性代码,而是根据执行的模式调用不同的函数。

'''

#导入模块

import sys

import time

from scrapy.utils import job

#定义变量

flag=1

#类定影

class Person(object):

  '''''

  Person class

  set person name、sex、age、job

  output the person information

  '''

  def __init__(self):

    self.name=''

    self.sex=''

    self.age=18

    self.job=''

  def setName(self,name):

    self.name=name

  def setSex(self,sex):

    self.sex=sex

  def setAge(self,age):

    self.age=age

  def setJob(self,job):

    self.job=job

  def outPut(self):

    print '''''

    name:%s

    sex:%s

    age:%d

    job:%s

    ''' %(self.name,self.sex,self.age,self.job)

#函数定义

def test():

  '''''

  test function

  '''

  if flag:

    print '''''

    run test()

    '''

    person=Person()

    person.setName("ewang")

    person.setAge(25)

    person.setSex("famale")

    person.setJob("big data testing")

    person.outPut()

#主程序

#如果模块使被导入,__name__的值为模块名字

#如果模块使被直接执行,__name__的值为'__main__'

if __name__=='__main__':

  test()

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