Python learning rules

PythonIt’s easy to get started. People with basic programming experience in other languages ​​can learn the most basic content of Python within 1 week.

They Including:

1. Use of commonly used built-in types (int, float, bool, bytes, str, list, dict, set).

2. The syntax of branch if-else loop while iteration for.

3.def define function and call function.

You will spend another 1 week learning more:

1. Category

2. Abnormality

At this time, some people proudly claim to be "able" in their resumes I have learned Python.

But after learning so much, I often encounter setbacks in actual programming, mainly due to insufficient understanding, and only experience at the Python syntax and API level.

Random list Common problems for some novices:

1. Not understanding the Python object model, variable names, and object concepts.

2. Not understanding Mutable objects and immutable objects, especially int.

3. Don’t understand that slicing means copying, and using it extensively in loops will affect efficiency.

4. Don’t know whether the slice is a shallow copy or a deep copy.

5. I feel dizzy when encountering bytes and str (str and unicode in 2.7).

#6. Often used in scenarios where is is required = =.

7. Don’t understand that def is a runtime execution statement and an assignment statement.

8. Confusion between class attributes and instance attributes .

9. Not understanding that modifying variable object parameters in a function will affect the caller, leading to inexplicable errors.

##10. Attempting to modify global variables in the function, instead of using global, created local variables.

11. Use variable objects as default parameters of the function.

The value of a programmer with a certain skill can be measured by the cost of learning the skill. The level you achieve in 2 weeks of study is of no value to the company, because the boss can let a Programmers of any other language in the company can reach your current level after 2-3 weeks of learning. Python's simplicity, ease of use, and rapid development are valuable to the project, but this is not your value, it is the value of Python. So improve Your own value means not letting others catch up with you easily. Replace you at a very low cost.

You can only run fast and learn further. Python language level still needs Learn the following content:

1. Use generators and iterators

2. Functional programming, anonymous functions lambda, map, reduce , filter

3. List parsing, dictionary parsing, set parsing, generator parsing

4. Operator overloading (__setattr__, __getattr__, __getitem__, __gt__, __lt__. ..)

5.property, descriptor(__get__, __set__, __delete__)

6.Context manager(__enter__, __exit__)

7. In-depth understanding of object-oriented

The above are all at the language level and belong to internal skills. Of course, some more knowledge is needed in actual combat. For specific external skills, training external skills can start from being familiar with the Python standard library. The fact that these modules can enter the standard library means that they are good enough and commonly used in actual projects. Here are some extremely common ones:

1. Regular expression re

2. Iteration tool itertools

3. Commonly used data structures collections, heapq, array

4. Process binary data struct

5. Random random

6. System call os

7.Python object serialization pickle

8. Multi-process threading, multiprocessing

9. Network socket, urllib

##10 .System parameters sys

Whether practicing internal or external skills, combined with actual combat is the best training method and testing method. You can choose according to personal circumstances and preferences, such as:

1. Use django, flask to develop the website.

2. Develop web crawlers or use Python crawler framework (such as scrapy).

3. Write some automated operation and maintenance scripts, read certain software logs regularly, and automatically send emails when exceptions occur.

4. Use selenium to test the website .

5. Use Python to develop the Raspberry Pi car (motor, sensor driver).

#6. Use Python to develop Vim plug-ins, such as Make a music player in vim.

7. Use Python to do algorithm problems, such as leetcode.

8.Opencv does image recognition .

9. Use numpy and pandas for data processing.

10. Use the machine learning library sklearn and tensorflow to make applications.

11. Use PyQt to write desktop applications.

12. Use scipy and matplotlib for scientific calculations.

13. Use Python for penetration testing.

.... .

Personally, I suggest you choose small projects for practical training. Some novices want to set a big goal when they first come up, but they are very frustrated when doing it and often give up halfway. Realize the small things first, and then Optimize. Next, add new features, and slowly iterate to make small things bigger. In this way, when you do it, you will have a sense of accomplishment every time you implement a small function, and you will be motivated to keep moving forward.

Maybe after a relatively long period of time, you have become a skilled Python application programmer, and there are some advanced topics you can continue to learn:

1. Decorator

2. Metaclasses

These advanced topics are often used in development frameworks, and they can help you create more flexible code.

Usually people who claim to have learned Python at the speed of light in a month are basically not geniuses, they are just impetuous and have relatively low goals.

Don’t be too eager for quick success, play slowly and improve.

If you find programming interesting, growth will no longer be painful. I wish you a happy study.

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