Analyze express middleware mechanism and its implementation principle

This article mainly introduces the express middleware mechanism and implementation principle. The editor thinks it is quite good. Now I will share it with you and give it as a reference. Let’s follow the editor to take a look

Introduction

The middleware mechanism allows us to add a processing step to a given process, thereby The input or output of this process has an impact, or produces some intermediate effects, states, or intercepts this process. The middleware mechanism is similar to tomcat's filter, both of which are specific implementations of the chain of responsibility model.

express middleware use case

let express = require('express')
let app = express()
//解析request 的body
app.use(bodyParser.json())
//解析 cookie
app.use(cookieParser())
//拦截
app.get('/hello', function (req, res) {
 res.send('Hello World!');
});

Simulate the middleware mechanism and simulate the middle of parsing the request File

First simulate a request

request = { //模拟的request
  requestLine: 'POST /iven_ HTTP/1.1',
  headers: 'Host:www.php.cn\r\nCookie:BAIDUID=E063E9B2690116090FE24E01ACDDF4AD:FG=1;BD_HOME=0',
  requestBody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
}

A http request is divided into The request line, request header, and request body are separated by \r\n\r\n, that is, a blank line. It is assumed that the three have been separated, requestLine (request line) contains method type, request url, and http version number. These three are distinguished by spaces. Each part of headers (request header) is separated by \r\n to separate, requestBody (request body) uses & to distinguish parameters

Simulation middleware mechanism

The agreed middleware must be A function that accepts three parameters: request, response, next

function App() {
  if (!(this instanceof App))
    return new App();
  this.init();
}
App.prototype = {
  constructor: App,
  init: function() {
    this.request = { //模拟的request
      requestLine: 'POST /iven_ HTTP/1.1',
      headers: 'Host:www.php.cn\r\nCookie:BAIDUID=E063E9B2690116090FE24E01ACDDF4AD:FG=1;BD_HOME=0',
      requestBody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
    };
    this.response = {}; //模拟的response
    this.chain = []; //存放中间件的一个数组
    this.index = 0; //当前执行的中间件在chain中的位置
  },
  use: function(handle) { //这里默认 handle 是函数，并且这里不做判断
    this.chain.push(handle);
  },
  next: function() { //当调用next时执行index所指向的中间件
    if (this.index >= this.chain.length)
      return;
    let middleware = this.chain[this.index];
    this.index++;
    middleware(this.request, this.response, this.next.bind(this));
  },
}

Middleware for request processing

 function lineParser(req, res, next) {
    let items = req.requestLine.split(' ');
    req.methond = items[0];
    req.url = items[1];
    req.version = items[2];
    next(); //执行下一个中间件
  }

function headersParser(req, res, next) {
  let items = req.headers.split('\r\n');
  let header = {}
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split(':');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    header[key] = value;
  }
  req.header = header;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function bodyParser(req, res, next) {
  let bodyStr = req.requestBody;
  let body = {};
  let items = bodyStr.split('&');
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split('=');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    body[key] = value;
  }
  req.body = body;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function middleware3(req, res, next) {
  console.log('url: '+req.url);
  console.log('methond: '+req.methond);
  console.log('version: '+req.version);
  console.log(req.body);
  console.log(req.header);
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

Test code

##

let app = App();
app.use(lineParser);
app.use(headersParser);
app.use(bodyParser);
app.use(middleware3);
app.next();

Overall code

function App() {
  if (!(this instanceof App))
    return new App();
  this.init();
}
App.prototype = {
  constructor: App,
  init: function() {
    this.request = { //模拟的request
      requestLine: 'POST /iven_ HTTP/1.1',
      headers: 'Host:www.php.cn\r\nCookie:BAIDUID=E063E9B2690116090FE24E01ACDDF4AD:FG=1;BD_HOME=0',
      requestBody: 'key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3',
    };
    this.response = {}; //模拟的response
    this.chain = []; //存放中间件的一个数组
    this.index = 0; //当前执行的中间件在chain中的位置
  },
  use: function(handle) { //这里默认 handle 是函数，并且这里不做判断
    this.chain.push(handle);
  },
  next: function() { //当调用next时执行index所指向的中间件
    if (this.index >= this.chain.length)
      return;
    let middleware = this.chain[this.index];
    this.index++;
    middleware(this.request, this.response, this.next.bind(this));
  },
}
function lineParser(req, res, next) {
    let items = req.requestLine.split(' ');
    req.methond = items[0];
    req.url = items[1];
    req.version = items[2];
    next(); //执行下一个中间件
  }

function headersParser(req, res, next) {
  let items = req.headers.split('\r\n');
  let header = {}
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split(':');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    header[key] = value;
  }
  req.header = header;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function bodyParser(req, res, next) {
  let bodyStr = req.requestBody;
  let body = {};
  let items = bodyStr.split('&');
  for(let i in items) {
    let item = items[i].split('=');
    let key = item[0];
    let value = item[1];
    body[key] = value;
  }
  req.body = body;
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}

function middleware3(req, res, next) {
  console.log('url: '+req.url);
  console.log('methond: '+req.methond);
  console.log('version: '+req.version);
  console.log(req.body);
  console.log(req.header);
  next(); //执行下一个中间件
}
let app = App();
app.use(lineParser);
app.use(headersParser);
app.use(bodyParser);
app.use(middleware3);
app.next();

Run result

After running the above overall code, the following information will be printed

##

url: /iven_
methond: POST
version: HTTP/1.1
{key1: "value1", key2: "value2", key3: "value3"}
{Host: "www.php.cn", Cookie: "BAIDUID=E063E9B2690116090FE24E01ACDDF4AD"}

The above is the detailed content of Analyze express middleware mechanism and its implementation principle. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!