PHP handles ajax requests and ajax cross-domain

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Release: 2023-03-15 17:22:02
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When sending an ajax request, you can create custom header information through the xmlHttpRequest object. In the jquery framework, when requesting web content through its $.ajax, $.get, or $.post method , it will pass an HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH parameter to the server. In PHP, it is judged at the header level whether it is an ajax request, and the corresponding judgment is based on $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']. Generally, $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] defaults to XMLHttpRequest. $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] can also be customized and created using XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader(name,value). Example: The front-end page sends a normal ajax request to the back-end test.php.

$.ajax({  
    type: "GET",  
    url: 'test.php',  
    success: function(data) {  
        console.log(data);  
    }  
});
服务端test.php可以判断该请求是不是Ajax异步请求,然后根据业务需求做出响应的回应。 以下是服务端test.php的简单验证是否为ajax请求的代码:
function isAjax() {  
    return @$_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == 'XMLHttpRequest' ? true : false;  
}  
  
if (isAjax()) {  
    echo 'Ajax Request Success.';  
} else {  
    echo 'No.';  
}
Ajax发起JSONP跨域请求 我们通过jQuery的JSONP方式可以实现跨域ajax请求,服务端php也需要做出相应的处理,也就是说php这边必须和前端页面按照一定的格式请求和返回数据。 示例:前端页面发起JSONP请求:
$.ajax({  
    type: "get",  
    data: "random="+Math.random(),  
    url: "http://demo.thinkphp.net/phpajax/jsonp.php",  
    dataType: "jsonp",  
    jsonp: "callback",  
    success: function(data) {  
      console.log(data);  
    },  
    error: function() {  
      console.log('Request Error.');  
    }  
});
我们会发现,ajax请求参数中有dataType: "jsonp"和jsonp: "callback",这个就表明了我要请求的是jsonp,并且会有回调callback返回。当然,我们也可以自定义回调函数,如jsonpCallback:"success_jsonpCallback" 还可以简单的写成:
jQuery.getJSON('http://demo.thinkphp.net/phpajax/jsonp.php?callback=?",{  
  random: Math.random()  
}, function(data){  
  console.log(data);  
});
php后端服务代码可以这样写(注意输出返回的格式):
$data = array(  
    'rand' => $_GET['random'],  
    'msg' => 'Success'  
);  
echo $_GET['callback'].'('.json_encode($data).')';
Ajax跨域请求:CORS CORS,又称跨域资源共享,英文全称Cross-Origin Resource Sharing。假设我们想使用Ajax从a.com的页面上向b.com的页面上要点数据,通常情况由于同源策略,这种请求是不允许的,浏览器也会返回“源不匹配”的错误,所以就有了“跨域”这个说法。但是我们也有解决办法,我们可以再b.com的页面header信息中增加一行代码:
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");
当我们设置的header为以上信息时,任意一个请求过来之后服务端我们都可以进行处理和响应,那么在调试工具中可以看到其头信息设置,其中见红框中有一项信息是“*Access-Control-Allow-Origin:* ”,表示我们已经启用CORS,如果要限制只允许某个域名的请求,可以这样:
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.thinkphp.com");
示例:通过CORS跨域请求数据
$.ajax({  
    type: "get",  
    data: "random="+Math.random(),  
    url: "http://demo.thinkphp.net/phpajax/ajax.php",  
    dataType: "json",  
    success: function(data) {  
        console.log(data);  
        $("#result_3").html(data.msg+':'+data.rand);  
    },  
    error: function() {  
      $("#result_3").html('Request Error.');  
    }  
});
我们在另一个网站域名下的ajax.php加上这样的代码:
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.thinkphp.com");  
  
$data = array(  
    'rand' => $_GET['random'],  
    'msg' => 'Success'  
);  
echo json_encode($data);
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