pythonde Naive Bayes algorithm

巴扎黑
Release: 2017-09-04 13:41:14
Original
1883 people have browsed it

算法优缺点

优点:在数据较少的情况下依然有效,可以处理多类别问题

缺点:对输入数据的准备方式敏感

适用数据类型:标称型数据

算法思想:

朴素贝叶斯

比如我们想判断一个邮件是不是垃圾邮件,那么我们知道的是这个邮件中的词的分布,那么我们还要知道:垃圾邮件中某些词的出现是多少,就可以利用贝叶斯定理得到。

朴素贝叶斯分类器中的一个假设是:每个特征同等重要

贝叶斯分类是一类分类算法的总称,这类算法均以贝叶斯定理为基础,故统称为贝叶斯分类。

函数

loadDataSet()

创建数据集,这里的数据集是已经拆分好的单词组成的句子,表示的是某论坛的用户评论,标签1表示这个是骂人的

createVocabList(dataSet)

找出这些句子中总共有多少单词,以确定我们词向量的大小

setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet)

将句子根据其中的单词转成向量,这里用的是伯努利模型,即只考虑这个单词是否存在

bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet)

这个是将句子转成向量的另一种模型,多项式模型,考虑某个词的出现次数

trainNB0(trainMatrix,trainCatergory)

计算P(i)和P(w[i]|C[1])和P(w[i]|C[0]),这里有两个技巧,一个是开始的分子分母没有全部初始化为0是为了防止其中一个的概率为0导致整体为0,另一个是后面乘用对数防止因为精度问题结果为0

classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1)

根据贝叶斯公式计算这个向量属于两个集合中哪个的概率高

#coding=utf-8
from numpy import *
def loadDataSet():
    postingList=[['my', 'dog', 'has', 'flea', 'problems', 'help', 'please'],
                 ['maybe', 'not', 'take', 'him', 'to', 'dog', 'park', 'stupid'],
                 ['my', 'dalmation', 'is', 'so', 'cute', 'I', 'love', 'him'],
                 ['stop', 'posting', 'stupid', 'worthless', 'garbage'],
                 ['mr', 'licks', 'ate', 'my', 'steak', 'how', 'to', 'stop', 'him'],
                 ['quit', 'buying', 'worthless', 'dog', 'food', 'stupid']]
    classVec = [0,1,0,1,0,1]    #1 is abusive, 0 not
    return postingList,classVec
#创建一个带有所有单词的列表
def createVocabList(dataSet):
    vocabSet = set([])
    for document in dataSet:
        vocabSet = vocabSet | set(document)
    return list(vocabSet)
    
def setOfWords2Vec(vocabList, inputSet):
    retVocabList = [0] * len(vocabList)
    for word in inputSet:
        if word in vocabList:
            retVocabList[vocabList.index(word)] = 1
        else:
            print 'word ',word ,'not in dict'
    return retVocabList
#另一种模型    
def bagOfWords2VecMN(vocabList, inputSet):
    returnVec = [0]*len(vocabList)
    for word in inputSet:
        if word in vocabList:
            returnVec[vocabList.index(word)] += 1
    return returnVec
def trainNB0(trainMatrix,trainCatergory):
    numTrainDoc = len(trainMatrix)
    numWords = len(trainMatrix[0])
    pAbusive = sum(trainCatergory)/float(numTrainDoc)
    #防止多个概率的成绩当中的一个为0
    p0Num = ones(numWords)
    p1Num = ones(numWords)
    p0Denom = 2.0
    p1Denom = 2.0
    for i in range(numTrainDoc):
        if trainCatergory[i] == 1:
            p1Num +=trainMatrix[i]
            p1Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
        else:
            p0Num +=trainMatrix[i]
            p0Denom += sum(trainMatrix[i])
    p1Vect = log(p1Num/p1Denom)#处于精度的考虑,否则很可能到限归零
    p0Vect = log(p0Num/p0Denom)
    return p0Vect,p1Vect,pAbusive
    
def classifyNB(vec2Classify, p0Vec, p1Vec, pClass1):
    p1 = sum(vec2Classify * p1Vec) + log(pClass1)    #element-wise mult
    p0 = sum(vec2Classify * p0Vec) + log(1.0 - pClass1)
    if p1 > p0:
        return 1
    else: 
        return 0
        
def testingNB():
    listOPosts,listClasses = loadDataSet()
    myVocabList = createVocabList(listOPosts)
    trainMat=[]
    for postinDoc in listOPosts:
        trainMat.append(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, postinDoc))
    p0V,p1V,pAb = trainNB0(array(trainMat),array(listClasses))
    testEntry = ['love', 'my', 'dalmation']
    thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
    print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)
    testEntry = ['stupid', 'garbage']
    thisDoc = array(setOfWords2Vec(myVocabList, testEntry))
    print testEntry,'classified as: ',classifyNB(thisDoc,p0V,p1V,pAb)
    
    
def main():
    testingNB()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
Copy after login

The above is the detailed content of pythonde Naive Bayes algorithm. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Related labels:
source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template