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How to understand the IN, OUT, INOUT types in MySQL

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Release: 2017-09-09 14:29:51
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  1. MySQL存储过程中有IN,OUT,INOUT类型  
    -----------------------------------  
    ## IN   IN参数只用来向过程传递信息,为默认值。  
    ## MySQL存储过程"in"参数:跟C语言的函数参数的值传递类似,MySQL存储过程内部可能会修改此参数,  
    ## 但in类型参数的修改对调用者(caller)来说是不可见的(not visible)  
    mysql>use test;  
    mysql> drop procedure if exists pr_param_in;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter //  
    mysql> create procedure pr_param_in(in id int)  
        -> begin  
        -> if (id is not null) then  
        ->     set id=id+1;  
        -> end if;  
        -> select id as id_inner;  
        -> end;  
        -> //  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter ;  
    mysql> set @id=10;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    mysql> call pr_param_in(@id);  
    +----------+  
    | id_inner |  
    +----------+  
    |       11 |  
    +----------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    mysql> select @id as id_out;  
    +--------+  
    | id_out |  
    +--------+  
    |     10 |  
    +--------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    ##  可以看到用户变量@id传入值为10,执行存储过程后,在过程内部值为:11(id_inner),  
    ##  但外部变量值依旧为:10(id_out)
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  1. <pre name="code" class="sql">==================================================================================  
    ## OUT   OUT参数只用来从过程传回信息。  
    ## MySQL存储过程"out"参数:从存储过程内部传值给调用者。  
    ## 在存储过程内部,该参数初始值为 null,无论调用者是否给存储过程参数设置值。  
    mysql> drop procedure if exists pr_param_out;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter //  
    mysql> create procedure pr_param_out(out id int)  
        -> begin  
        -> select id as id_inner_1;  
        -> if (id is not null) then  
        ->     set id=id+1;  
        ->     select id as id_inner_2;  
        -> else  
        ->     select 1 into id;  
        -> end if;  
        -> select id as id_inner_3;  
        -> end;  
        -> //  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter ;  
    mysql> set @id=10;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    mysql> call pr_param_out(@id);  
    +------------+  
    | id_inner_1 |  
    +------------+  
    |       NULL |  
    +------------+  
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)  
    +------------+  
    | id_inner_3 |  
    +------------+  
    |          1 |  
    +------------+  
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> select @id as id_out;  
    +--------+  
    | id_out |  
    +--------+  
    |      1 |  
    +--------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    ## 可以看出,虽然我们设置了用户定义变量@id为10,传递@id给存储过程后,在存储过程内部,  
    ## id的初始值总是 null(id_inner_1)。最后id值(id_out=1)传回给调用者。  
    ===================================================================================  
    ## INOUT INOUT参数可以向过程传递信息,如果值改变,则可再从过程外调用。  
    ## MySQL存储过程"inout"参数跟out类似,都可以从存储过程内部传值给调用者。  
    ## 不同的是:调用者还可以通过inout参数传递至给存储过程。  
    mysql> drop procedure if exists pr_param_inout;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter //  
    mysql> create procedure pr_param_inout(inout id int)  
        -> begin  
        -> select id as id_inner_1;  
        -> if (id is not null) then  
        ->     set id=id+1;  
        ->     select id as id_inner_2;  
        -> else  
        ->     select 1 into id;  
        -> end if;  
        -> select id as id_inner_3;  
        -> end;  
        -> //  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> delimiter ;  
    mysql> set @id=10;  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
    mysql> call pr_param_inout(@id);  
    +------------+  
    | id_inner_1 |  
    +------------+  
    |         10 |  
    +------------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    +------------+  
    | id_inner_2 |  
    +------------+  
    |         11 |  
    +------------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    +------------+  
    | id_inner_3 |  
    +------------+  
    |         11 |  
    +------------+  
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)  
    mysql> select @id as id_out;  
    +--------+  
    | id_out |  
    +--------+  
    |     11 |  
    +--------+  
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
    ## 从结果可以看出:我们把 @id(10)传给存储过程后,存储过程最后又把计算结果值11(id_inner_3)  
    ## 传回给调用者。MySQL存储过程inout参数的行为跟C语言函数中的引用传值类似。  
    =========================================================================================  
    通过以上例子:  
    1)  如果仅仅想把数据传给MySQL存储过程,那就用in类型参数;  
    2)  如果仅仅从MySQL存储过程返回值,那就用out类型参数;  
    3)  如果需要把数据传给MySQL存储过程经过计算再传回给我们,那就用inout类型参数。
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