Introduction to the method of using Rest under asp.net MVC

黄舟
Release: 2017-09-18 11:12:32
Original
1536 people have browsed it

本篇文章主要介绍了asp.net MVC下使用rest的方法,小编觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧

前言

最近做了下个MVC的项目,需要用到rest接口,与java写的应用程序通信,包括数据的接收和发送,那么我将用实用的角度来全面的讲解一下它的使用方法

一、创建rest服务

首先创建一个Asp.Net Web应用程序(我这里用的是Visual Studio 2013,它已经内置了Web API2)。

   

在出来的模板中选择Empty(空项目),并勾选WebAPI。点击确定后,就创建了一个空的WebAPI服务。

   

此时只有一个空项目,还没有任何功能,在进行下一步之前,首先我们来看一下REST的基本操作模型,大致可以分为如下四种:

  • POST — 创建资源

  • GET — 检索资源

  • PUT — 更新资源

  • DELETE — 删除资源

非常经典的CRUD模型。在Web API中实现这样一个的模型是非常简单的,直接使用向导建一个Controller即可

 

  

如果用传统的向导,记得把向导后面的那个1给去掉:

默认的模板内容如下:


   public class ValuesController : ApiController
  {
    // GET api/<controller>
    publicIEnumerable<string> Get()
    {
      returnnewstring[] { "value1", "value2" };
    }

    // GET api/<controller>/5
    publicstring Get(int id)
    {
      return"value";
    }

    // POST api/<controller>
    publicvoid Post([FromBody]string value)
    {
    }

    // PUT api/<controller>/5
    publicvoid Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
    {
    }

    // DELETE api/<controller>/5
    publicvoid Delete(int id)
    {
    }
  }
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这其实已经帮我们实现了一个最基本的服务了,这样别人就可以访问我们的服务中的方法

二、调用其它应用程序的rest服务

1、RestClient类

为了便于使用,我们需要封装客房端的rest类,话不多说,我们直接上这个类的代码:


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;

namespace OilDigital.A2_A27.Web
{
  public class RestClient
  {
    public string EndPoint { get; set; }  //请求的url地址 
    public HttpVerb Method { get; set; }  //请求的方法 
    public string ContentType { get; set; } //格式类型:我用的是application/json,text/xml具体使用什么,看需求吧 
    public string PostData { get; set; }  //传送的数据,当然了我使用的是json字符串 

    public RestClient()
    {
      EndPoint = "";
      Method = HttpVerb.GET;
      ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
      PostData = "";
    }
    public RestClient(string endpoint)
    {
      EndPoint = endpoint;
      Method = HttpVerb.GET;
      ContentType = "application/json";
      PostData = "";
    }
    public RestClient(string endpoint, HttpVerb method)
    {
      EndPoint = endpoint;
      Method = method;
      ContentType = "application/json";
      PostData = "";
    }

    public RestClient(string endpoint, HttpVerb method, string postData)
    {
      EndPoint = endpoint;
      Method = method;
      ContentType = "application/json";
      PostData = postData;
    }
    public RestClient(string endpoint, HttpVerb method, string postData, string contentType)
    {
      EndPoint = endpoint;
      Method = method;
      ContentType = contentType;
      PostData = postData;
    }

    public string MakeRequest()
    {
      return MakeRequest("");
    }

    public string MakeRequest(string parameters)
    {

      var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(EndPoint + parameters);
      request.Method = Method.ToString();
      request.ContentType = ContentType;
      
      if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PostData) && Method == HttpVerb.POST)//如果传送的数据不为空,并且方法是post 
      {
        var encoding = new UTF8Encoding();   
        var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1").GetBytes(PostData);//编码方式按自己需求进行更改,我在项目中使用的是UTF-8 
        request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;

        using (var writeStream = request.GetRequestStream())
        {
          writeStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        }
      }

      if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PostData) && Method == HttpVerb.PUT)//如果传送的数据不为空,并且方法是put 
      {
        var encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1").GetBytes(PostData);//编码方式按自己需求进行更改,我在项目中使用的是UTF-8 
        request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;

        using (var writeStream = request.GetRequestStream())
        {
          writeStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
        }

      }
      using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
      {
        var responseValue = string.Empty;

        if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
          var message = String.Format("Request failed. Received HTTP {0}", response.StatusCode);
          throw new ApplicationException(message);
        }

        // grab the response 
        using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
        {
          if (responseStream != null)
            using (var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))
            {
              responseValue = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
        }

        return responseValue;
      }
    }

  }
  public enum HttpVerb
  {
    GET,      //method 常用的就这几样,当然你也可以添加其他的  get:获取  post:修改  put:写入  delete:删除 
    POST,
    PUT,
    DELETE
  }


}
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2、RestClient类使用

有了这个类后我们就很方便的去调用别人的rest服务了,使用方法如下:

①,基本的调用:


var client = new RestClient();
string endPoint = @"http:\\myRestService.com\api\";
var client = new RestClient(endPoint);
var json = client.MakeRequest();
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②,如果你想带入参数


var json = client.MakeRequest("?param=0");
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③,使用最多的方式


var client = new RestClient();
client.EndPoint = @"http:\\myRestService.com\api\"; ;
client.ContentType = "application/json";
client.Method = HttpVerb.POST;
client.PostData = "{postData: value}";
var json = client.MakeRequest();
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三、我自己项目中的使用

1、首先我测试了一下,我调用我自己的rest服务的带参的get方法,当然我这里传的参数直接写在url的后面在,参数形式是string,所以接收的get方法的形参也要改成string,这样你就

可以接收到传过去的参数了。当然别人应用程序也是可以调的。只要把url给他就行了。


/// <summary>
    /// 从接口中获取当前用户所有信息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="userId">用户ID</param>
    /// <returns>json对象</returns>
    public string GetCurrentUserInfo()
    {
      string userId = GetCurrentUserId();
      string endPoint = "http://localhost:100/Api/RestService/"+userId;
      var client = new RestClient(endPoint);
      var userInfo = client.MakeRequest();
      return userInfo;
    }
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2、接下来,我要开始试用java写的应用程序下的rest服务了,我通过我传过去的用户ID获取到了用户的所有信息,当然我在项目中使用了缓存技术,还将返回回来的json字符串转换成了json对象,以便我后面好用linq对其进行操作,关于linq to json 可以参考我的linq专题相关文章 ,我在项目中的代码是酱子的:


/// <summary>
    /// 从接口中获取用户所有信息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="userId">用户ID</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static JObject CacheUser()
    {

      try
      {
        string currentUser = GetCurrentUserId();
        if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get("user$" + GetCurrentUserId()) == null)
        {
          string endPoint = "http://66.66.66.666:6666/DASBASE/restServices/dataCollectionService/getUserPermissions";
          string postData = "jsonData={\"userCode\": \"kfry\",\"systemId\": \"1E1A7AC94BFC41D4BEBED8942EB69689\"}";
          var client = new RestClient(endPoint, HttpVerb.POST, postData, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
          var u = client.MakeRequest();
          JObject userInfo = JObject.Parse(u);
          //插入缓存
          HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert("user$" + currentUser, userInfo, null, System.DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30), TimeSpan.Zero);
        }
        return (JObject)HttpRuntime.Cache.Get("user$" + GetCurrentUserId());
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {

        throw new ApplicationException("获取用户信息出错:"+ex.Message);
      }
    }
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