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Detailed graphic and text explanation of writing Windows service programs in C#

黄舟
Release: 2017-10-05 15:32:21
Original
4366 people have browsed it

本文介绍了如何用C#创建、安装、启动、监控、卸载简单的Windows Service 的内容步骤和注意事项,需要的朋友可以参考下

一、创建一个Windows Service

1)创建Windows Service项目


 

2)对Service重命名

将Service1重命名为你服务名称,这里我们命名为ServiceTest。

二、创建服务安装程序

1)添加安装程序

 

 

之后我们可以看到上图,自动为我们创建了ProjectInstaller.cs以及2个安装的组件。

2)修改安装服务名

右键serviceInsraller1,选择属性,将ServiceName的值改为ServiceTest。

 

3)修改安装权限

右键serviceProcessInsraller1,选择属性,将Account的值改为LocalSystem。

 

三、写入服务代码

1)打开ServiceTest代码

右键ServiceTest,选择查看代码。

2)写入Service逻辑

添加如下代码:


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Text;
namespace WindowsServiceTest 
{
	public partial class ServiceTest : ServiceBase 
	{
		public ServiceTest() 
		{
			InitializeComponent();
		}
		protected override void OnStart(string[] args) 
		{
			using (System.IO.StreamWriter sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter("C:\\log.txt", true)) 
			{
				sw.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss ") + "Start.");
			}
		}
		protected override void OnStop() 
		{
			using (System.IO.StreamWriter sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter("C:\\log.txt", true)) 
			{
				sw.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss ") + "Stop.");
			}
		}
	}
}
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这里我们的逻辑很简单,启动服务的时候写个日志,关闭的时候再写个日志。

四、创建安装脚本

在项目中添加2个文件如下(必须是ANSI或者UTF-8无BOM格式):

1)安装脚本Install.bat

%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe WindowsServiceTest.exe

Net Start ServiceTest

sc config ServiceTest start= auto

2)卸载脚本Uninstall.bat

%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\installutil.exe /u WindowsServiceTest.exe

3)安装脚本说明

第二行为启动服务。

第三行为设置服务为自动运行。

这2行视服务形式自行选择。

4)脚本调试

如果需要查看脚本运行状况,在脚本最后一行加入pause

五、在C#中对服务进行控制

0)配置目录结构

简历一个新WPF项目,叫WindowsServiceTestUI,添加对System.ServiceProcess的引用。

在WindowsServiceTestUI的bin\Debug目录下建立Service目录。

将WindowsServiceTest的生成目录设置为上面创建的Service目录。

生成后目录结构如下图

1)安装

安装时会产生目录问题,所以安装代码如下:


string CurrentDirectory = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory;
System.Environment.CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory + "\\Service";
Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.FileName = "Install.bat";
process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
process.Start();
System.Environment.CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory;
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2)卸载

卸载时也会产生目录问题,所以卸载代码如下:


string CurrentDirectory = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory;

System.Environment.CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory + "\\Service";
Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.FileName = "Uninstall.bat";
process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
process.Start();
System.Environment.CurrentDirectory = CurrentDirectory;
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3)启动

代码如下:


using System.ServiceProcess; 
ServiceController serviceController = new ServiceController("ServiceTest");
serviceController.Start();
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4)停止


ServiceController serviceController = new ServiceController("ServiceTest");
if (serviceController.CanStop)
serviceController.Stop();
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5)暂停/继续


ServiceController serviceController = new ServiceController("ServiceTest");
if (serviceController.CanPauseAndContinue){
if (serviceController.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
serviceController.Pause();
else if (serviceController.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Paused)
serviceController.Continue();
}
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6)检查状态


ServiceController serviceController = new ServiceController("ServiceTest");

string Status = serviceController.Status.ToString();
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六、调试Windows Service

1)安装并运行服务

2)附加进程

 

3)在代码中加入断点进行调试

 

七、总结

本文对Windows service的上述配置都未做详细解释,但是按上述步骤就可以制作可运行的Windows Service,从而达到了工作的需求。

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