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Detailed explanation of code to implement synchronization function in Java

黄舟
Release: 2017-10-09 09:59:38
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This article mainly introduces the relevant content of synchronization functions in Java threads, including example codes. Friends who need it can refer to it.


/*
同步函数
当函数中的代码全部放在了同步代码块中,那么这个函数就是同步函数
*/
//同步函数的锁是this锁,this是一个引用,this指向的对象就是锁
//下面证明一下同步函数的锁就是this
//创建两个线程,一个在同步代码块中执行,另一个在同步函数中执行
//同步代码块用的锁是obj,同步函数用的所是this
//这就导致了两个线程存在两把锁,会出现上次所说的安全问题,即出现错误数据
//只有两个线程同时用一把锁,才能解决多线程的安全问题
class Ticket implements Runnable{
  private int num = 50;//当用静态同步函数时,需要将对象也改为静态的
  private Object obj = new Object();
  //加一个flag标记,一个线程得到CPU,判断flag值
  //如果是true,让他在同步代码块中执行,一旦进去就出不来了,因为任务代码为死循环
  //否则让他在同步函数中执行
  boolean flag = true;
  public void run(){
    if(flag){
      while(true){
        //同步代码块,这里用的锁是obj,与同步函数用不一样的锁,会出现安全问题
        //synchronized(obj){
        //将锁改为this,与同步函数为同一把锁,就没有问题了
        synchronized(this){//如果下面是静态同步函数,则应该把this改为Ticket.class,同一把锁
          if(num>0){
            //强制线程放弃CPU,睡眠的线程不会放弃锁
            try{Thread.sleep(20);}catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...sale..."+num--);//1
          }
        }//释放锁
      }
    }
    else{
      while(true){
        fun();
      }
    }
  }
  ////静态函数进内存的时候不存在对象,但是存在其所属类的字节码文件对象,属于Class类型的对象,
  //锁必须是对象,字节码文件,也是个对象,所以,静态同步函数的锁就是其所属类的字节码文件对象
  //public static synchronized void fun(){//锁为Ticket.class
  //这个函数的代码都是同步代码块中的,所以这个函数可以修饰为同步的,即同步函数
  public synchronized void fun(){
    if(num>0){
      //强制线程放弃CPU,睡眠的线程不会放弃锁
      try{Thread.sleep(20);}catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...sale..."+num--);//1
    }
  }
}
class test{
  public static void main(String[] args){
    Ticket t = new Ticket();
    Thread t1 = new Thread(t);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(t);
    t1.start();
    //t1先启动,但是他并不一定能抢到CPU,主线程依旧拿着CPU
    //主线程拿着CPU往下走,将flag改为了false,导致两个
    //线程同时用的一个任务代码,即一把锁,不会出现安全问题,所以,应该在此处
    //让主线程进入睡眠状态,主线程放弃CPU,然后t1立刻拿到CPU,
    //这样t1就可以,在flag是true的情况下,进入同步代码块中执行
    //所以t1用的就是obj锁,然后主线程再拿上CPU,将flag改为false
    //t2拿上CPU时,flag就为false,所以进入的是同步函数中执行,
    //同步函数用的锁是this,两把锁,肯定会出现线程安全问题,所以,
    //如果想解决安全问题,将同步代码块的锁,也改为this,即可解决
    //让主线程放弃CPU
    try{
      Thread.sleep(20);
    }catch(InterruptedException e){
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    t.flag = false;
    t2.start();
  }
}
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Summary

The lock of the synchronization function is this, and the lock of the static synchronization function is the bytecode file of the class to which it belongs. object.

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