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Introduction to the use of AtomicInteger class in Java

Oct 11, 2017 am 10:08 AM
atomicinteger java Instructions

这篇文章主要介绍了Java AtomicInteger类的使用方法详解,文中有具体实例代码,具有一定参考价值,需要的朋友可以了解下。

首先看两段代码,一段是Integer的,一段是AtomicInteger的,为以下:


public class Sample1 {
  private static Integer count = 0;
  synchronized public static void increment() {
    count++;
  }
}
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以下是AtomicInteger的:


public class Sample2 {
  private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
  public static void increment() {
    count.getAndIncrement();
  }
}
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以上两段代码,在使用Integer的时候,必须加上synchronized保证不会出现并发线程同时访问的情况,而在AtomicInteger中却不用加上synchronized,在这里AtomicInteger是提供原子操作的,下面就对这进行相应的介绍。

AtomicInteger介绍

AtomicInteger是一个提供原子操作的Integer类,通过线程安全的方式操作加减。

AtomicInteger使用场景

AtomicInteger提供原子操作来进行Integer的使用,因此十分适合高并发情况下的使用。

AtomicInteger源码部分讲解


public class AtomicInteger extends Number implements java.io.Serializable {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 6214790243416807050L;
  // setup to use Unsafe.compareAndSwapInt for updates
  private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
  private static final long valueOffset;
  static {
    try {
      valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
        (AtomicInteger.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
    } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
  }
  private volatile int value;
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以上为AtomicInteger中的部分源码,在这里说下其中的value,这里value使用了volatile关键字,volatile在这里可以做到的作用是使得多个线程可以共享变量,但是问题在于使用volatile将使得VM优化失去作用,导致效率较低,所以要在必要的时候使用,因此AtomicInteger类不要随意使用,要在使用场景下使用。

AtomicInteger实例使用

以下就是在多线程情况下,使用AtomicInteger的一个实例,这段代码是借用IT宅中的一段代码。


 public class AtomicTest {
  static long randomTime() {
    return (long) (Math.random() * 1000);
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 阻塞队列,能容纳100个文件
    final BlockingQueue<File> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<File>(100);
    // 线程池
    final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
    final File root = new File("D:\\ISO");
    // 完成标志
    final File exitFile = new File("");
    // 原子整型,读个数
    // AtomicInteger可以在并发情况下达到原子化更新,避免使用了synchronized,而且性能非常高。
    final AtomicInteger rc = new AtomicInteger();
    // 原子整型,写个数
    final AtomicInteger wc = new AtomicInteger();
    // 读线程
    Runnable read = new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
        scanFile(root);
        scanFile(exitFile);
      }
      public void scanFile(File file) {
        if (file.isDirectory()) {
          File[] files = file.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
            public boolean accept(File pathname) {
              return pathname.isDirectory() || pathname.getPath().endsWith(".iso");
            }
          });
          for (File one : files)
            scanFile(one);
        } else {
          try {
            // 原子整型的incrementAndGet方法,以原子方式将当前值加 1,返回更新的值
            int index = rc.incrementAndGet();
            System.out.println("Read0: " + index + " " + file.getPath());
            // 添加到阻塞队列中
            queue.put(file);
          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          }
        }
      }
    };
    // submit方法提交一个 Runnable 任务用于执行,并返回一个表示该任务的 Future。
    exec.submit(read);
    // 四个写线程
    for (int index = 0; index < 4; index++) {
      // write thread
      final int num = index;
      Runnable write = new Runnable() {
        String threadName = "Write" + num;
        public void run() {
          while (true) {
            try {
              Thread.sleep(randomTime());
              // 原子整型的incrementAndGet方法,以原子方式将当前值加 1,返回更新的值
              int index = wc.incrementAndGet();
              // 获取并移除此队列的头部,在元素变得可用之前一直等待(如果有必要)。
              File file = queue.take();
              // 队列已经无对象
              if (file == exitFile) {
                // 再次添加"标志",以让其他线程正常退出
                queue.put(exitFile);
                break;
              }
              System.out.println(threadName + ": " + index + " " + file.getPath());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
          }
        }
      };
      exec.submit(write);
    }
    exec.shutdown();
  }
}
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AtomicInteger使用总结

AtomicInteger是在使用非阻塞算法实现并发控制,在一些高并发程序中非常适合,但并不能每一种场景都适合,不同场景要使用使用不同的数值类。

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