10 most interesting features of modern programming languages

With the rapid development of information technology, more and more programming languages ​​​​continue to appear in our lives, and at the same time, it also provides us with more job opportunities. Let’s look at the age of programming languages: Lisp (1958), Smalltalk (1972), Objective-C (1984), Haskell (1990), OCaml (1996), etc. These are all languages ​​from the last century.

The editor of this article selected several latest languages: Reason, Swift, Kotlin, and Dart as research objects, and summarized 10 features:

1 Pipeline operator

Reason syntax

let newScore = me.score
  |> double
  |> (it) => add(7, it)
  |> (it) => boundScore(0, 100, it);

Corresponding JavaScript writing method:

boundScore(0, 100, add(7, double(me.score)));

And es already has a corresponding proposal: tc39/proposal-pipeline-operator

2 Pattern matching

Kotlin syntax

when (x) {    in 1..10 -> print("x is in the range")    in validNumbers -> print("x is valid")
    !in 10..20 -> print("x is outside the range")    else -> print("none of the above")
}

3 Reactive (Rx) programming build in the language

Dart syntax

input.onKeyDown                                              
  .where((e) => e.ctrlKey && e.code == 'Enter')              
  .forEach((e) => dispatch(addTodoAction(e.target.value)));

4 Default parameters of lambda function

Kotlin syntax (using it as the default parameter)

strings
  .filter{ it.length == 5 }
  .map{ it.toUpperCase() }

Comparison with JavaScript

strings
  .filter{ it => it.length === 5 }
  .map{ it => it.toUpperCase() }

5 Destructuring

Reason syntax:

let someInts = (10, 20);let (ten, twenty) = someInts;type person = {name: string, age: int};
let somePerson = {name: "Guy", age: 30};let {name, age} = somePerson;

Kotlin syntax

data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)val(name, age) = Person("Guy", 20)

es6 already has array destructuring, es8 adds object destructuring

6 operator cascade Cascade operator

Dart syntax

querySelector('#button') // Get an object.
  ..text = 'Confirm' // Use its members.
  ..classes.add('important')
  ..onClick.listen((e) => dispatch(confirmedAction()));

corresponds The JavaScript writing method

var button = querySelector('#button');
button.text = 'Confirm';
button.classed.add('important');
button.onClick.listen((e) => dispatch(confirmedAction()));

If you use jQuery, the writing method is basically the same as dart, but the two are essentially different

7 if expression If expressions

Kotlin syntax

val result = if (param == 1) {    "one"} else if (param == 2) {    "two"} else {    "three"}

Some people like if expressions, some people hate them, and some people think it doesn’t matter; I like it very much. I have an answer on Zhihu before: https://www.zhihu.com/questio...

8 Try expressions

Kotlin syntax

val result = try {
    count()
} catch (e: ArithmeticEx

ception) { throw IllegalStateException(e)
}

9 Automatic collation Automatic currying

Reason Syntax:

let add = (x, y) => x + y;   /* same as (x) => (y) => x + y; */let five = add(2,3);      
   /* 5 */let alsoFive = add(2)(3);    /* 5 */let addFive = add(5);    
       /* y => 5 + y; */let eleven = addFive(6); 
           /* 11 */let twelve = addFive(7);     /* 12 */

10 Method extensions

Swift Syntax:

extension Int {    func repetitions(task: () -> Void) {        for _ in 0..<self {
            task()
        }
    }
}3.repetitions({    print("Hello!")
})// Hello!// Hello!// Hello!

JavaScript can be extended on the prototype.

I think there is another very useful feature, optional-chaining. The reason why it is not mentioned is because most languages ​​​​already have this feature. It seems that the development of JavaScript is still a bit slow.

The above are the 10 most interesting features of modern programming languages. I hope you all know something about them.

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