In-depth analysis of sub-patterns of regular expressions
在正则表达式中,可以使用“(”和“)”将模式中的子字符串括起来,以形成一个子模式。将子模式视为一个整体时,那么它就相当于一个单个字符。下面我们就来详细了解下子模式
首先,我们先看一段PHP代码:
<?php $time = date ("Y-m-d H:i:s"); $pattern = "/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}/i"; if(preg_match($pattern,$time,$arr)){ echo "<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">"; print_r($arr); echo ""; } ?>
显示结果:
Array ( [0] => 2012-06-23 03:08:45 )
有没有注意到,显示的结果只有一条数据,即符合匹配模式的时间格式,那如果只有一条记录的话,为什么还要用数组保存呢?直接使用字符串保存不是更好?
带着这个问题,我们来看下正则表达式中的子模式。
在正则表达式中,可以使用“(”和“)”将模式中的子字符串括起来,以形成一个子模式。将子模式视为一个整体时,那么它就相当于一个单个字符。
比如,我们将以上的代码稍微修改下,改成如下:
<?php $time = date ("Y-m-d H:i:s"); $pattern = "/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/i"; if(preg_match($pattern,$time,$arr)){ echo "<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">"; print_r($arr); echo ""; } ?>
注意:我只修改了$pattern,在匹配模式中,使用了括号()
执行结果:
Array ( [0] => 2012-06-23 03:19:23 [1] => 2012 [2] => 06 [3] => 23 [4] => 03 [5] => 19 [6] => 23 )
总结:我们可以使用小括号给整个匹配模式进行分组,默认情况下,每个分组会自动拥有一个组号,规则是,从左到右,以分组的左括号为标志,第一个出现的分组为组号1,第二个为组号2,以此类推。其中,分组0对应整个正则表达式。
对整个正则匹配模式进行了分组以后,就可以进一步使用“向后引用”来重复搜索前面的某个分组匹配的文本。例如:\1代表分组1匹配的文本,\2代表分组2匹配的文本等等
我们可以进一步修改下代码,如下所示:
<?php $time = date ("Y-m-d H:i:s"); $pattern = "/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})/i"; $replacement = "\$time格式为:$0<BR>替换后的格式为:\\1年\\2月\\3日 \\4时\\5分\\6秒"; print preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $time); if(preg_match($pattern,$time,$arr)){ echo "<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">"; print_r($arr); echo ""; } ?>
注意:
因为是在双引号中,所以使用分组的时候应该使用两个反斜杠,如:\\1,而如果在单引号中,则使用一个反斜杠就可以了,如:\1
\\1用于捕获分组一种的内容:2012,\\6用于捕获分组6中的内容
执行结果:
$time格式为:2012-06-23 03:30:31 替换后的格式为:2012年06月23日 03时30分31秒 Array ( [0] => 2012-06-23 03:30:31 [1] => 2012 [2] => 06 [3] => 23 [4] => 03 [5] => 30 [6] => 31 )
相关推荐:
The above is the detailed content of In-depth analysis of sub-patterns of regular expressions. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



What does WeChat Do Not Disturb mode mean? Nowadays, with the popularity of smartphones and the rapid development of mobile Internet, social media platforms have become an indispensable part of people's daily lives. WeChat is one of the most popular social media platforms in China, and almost everyone has a WeChat account. We can communicate with friends, family, and colleagues in real time through WeChat, share moments in our lives, and understand each other’s current situation. However, in this era, we are also inevitably faced with the problems of information overload and privacy leakage, especially for those who need to focus or

iOS devices have long been able to track your sleep patterns and more using the Health app. But isn’t it annoying when you’re disturbed by notifications while you’re sleeping? These notifications may be irrelevant and therefore disrupt your sleep patterns in the process. While Do Not Disturb mode is a great way to avoid distractions while sleeping, it can cause you to miss important calls and messages you receive during the night. Thankfully, this is where sleep mode comes in. Let’s learn more about it and how to use it on iPhone. What role does sleep mode play on the iPhone? Sleep mode is a dedicated focus mode in iOS that is automatically activated based on your sleep schedule in the "Health" App. It helps you set an alarm and then

The epc+o model refers to the general contracting framework that integrates design, procurement, etc. It is some operational links derived from epc; that is, during the construction period, the general contractor must not only undertake design tasks in the traditional sense In addition, it also has to undertake all maintenance tasks during the operation period. This model can greatly improve the operational efficiency of many projects and quickly reduce operating costs.

Even answering calls in Do Not Disturb mode can be a very annoying experience. As the name suggests, Do Not Disturb mode turns off all incoming call notifications and alerts from emails, messages, etc. You can follow these solution sets to fix it. Fix 1 – Enable Focus Mode Enable focus mode on your phone. Step 1 – Swipe down from the top to access Control Center. Step 2 – Next, enable “Focus Mode” on your phone. Focus Mode enables Do Not Disturb mode on your phone. It won't cause any incoming call alerts to appear on your phone. Fix 2 – Change Focus Mode Settings If there are some issues in the focus mode settings, you should fix them. Step 1 – Open your iPhone settings window. Step 2 – Next, turn on the Focus mode settings

On iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max models, Apple introduced a physically programmable action button that replaces the traditional ring/silent switch above the volume buttons. The action button can be programmed to perform several different functions, but the ability to switch between silent and ring modes isn't gone. By default, a long press on the action button will silence the device and the button's tactile feedback will pulse three times. Both iPhone 15 Pro models will display a crossed-out bell symbol next to the time in the status bar to indicate that silent/silent mode is activated, and it will remain so until you long-press the Action button again to unmute the device. If you prefer to put your iPhone in silent mode

Windows in S mode is designed to provide enhanced security and performance by only allowing the installation of apps from the Microsoft Store. While this feature helps prevent malware and ensure a secure computing environment, it may limit users who want to install applications from sources other than the Microsoft Store. If you find yourself in this situation and keep asking yourself how to switch out of S mode in Windows 10/11, then you have come to the right place as we will walk you through how to switch out in Windows 10/11 using two different methods Steps to S Mode ensure you can enjoy the freedom of installing apps from anywhere you choose. Learn how to switch out of S mode in Windows

Standby mode is coming to iPhone with iOS17, and this guide aims to show you how to use this feature on your iPhone. Standby Mode is a breakthrough feature that transforms iPhone into a dynamic, always-on smart display. When your iPhone is laid horizontally on its side during charging, it activates standby mode. This mode beautifully showcases a host of useful widgets, including but not limited to the current time, local weather updates, a slideshow of your favorite photos, and even music playback controls. A significant advantage of this mode is its ability to display notifications, allowing users to view and engage with them without having to fully wake up their iPhone. How to Use Standby Mode For Standby Mode to work properly, your iPhone must be running i

Notepad++ dark mode v8.0 has no parameters, Notepad++ is the most useful text editor. Every app running on Windows 10 supports dark mode. You can name web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. If you work on Notepad++, the default white background may hurt your eyes. Developers have added dark mode to version 8 of Notepad++, here's how to turn it on. Enable Notepad for Windows 11/10 ++ Dark Mode Launch Notepad ++ Click "Settings" > "Preferences" > "Dark Mode" Select "Enable Dark Mode" to restart Notepad
