Four ways to define strings in PHP
本文主要和大家介绍PHP定义字符串的四种方式,非常不错，具有参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下，希望能帮助到大家。
1、简介
在PHP中这门语言中，因为是弱类型语言，因此使用变量时不需提前定义即可使用。
我们在使用php进行开发的时候，大多数使用双引号、单引号进行定义字符串。既然有这两种方式，那么他们之间肯定是有区别的。
并且，除了单双引号定义字符串这两种方式外，php还增加了heredoc和nowdoc这两种语法糖进行补充。
2、单引号与双引号
2.1、单引号
在单引号中，任何特殊字符都会按原样输出【除\\、\‘将会被转义输出】
eg.
<?php $var = 'this is a var!'; echo '666$var666、\'、\"、\\、\n、\r、\t、\$';
从上面例子中我们可以明显看到，变量是没有被解析的；同时带反斜杠的转义字符仅仅只有单引号、反斜杠被转义输出了，其他的是直接输出。
2.2、双引号
在双引号中，遇到$将会解析该变量；
双引号中会转义反斜杠的转义字符；
<?php $var = 'this is a var!'; echo "666$var 666、\'、\"、\\、\n、\r、\t、\$";
| 转义字符代码 | 转义字符的含义 |
| \ " | 双引号 |
| \ ' | 单引号 |
| \ \ | 反斜杠 |
| \ n | 换行符 |
| \ r | 回车符 |
| \ t | 制表符 |
| \ $ | 美元符号 |
由上面例子我们可以知道，双引号中的变量被解析了，替换成字符串；其他带反斜杠的转义字符都进行了相应的转义。
2.3、单双引号之间的区别
以上两者主要区别：
1、 双引号会替换变量的值，而单引号会把它当做字符串输出。
2、对于转义的支持
3、性能速度问题，由于双引号中的字符串需要检测是否含有$符号修饰的变量，因此从理论上讲，单引号是比较快的。
3、heredoc与nowdoc
3.1、heredoc
heredoc可以理解为不使用双引号来定义字符串，但效果与使用双引号一致。【此时双引号相当于普通字符】
语法要求：
1、开始标记和结束标记使用相同的字符串，通常以大写字母来写。
2、开始标记后不能出现空格或多余的字符。
3、结束标记必须顶头写，不能有缩进和空格，且在结束标记末尾要有分号 。
4、位于开始标记和结束标记之间的变量可以被正常解析，但是函数则不可以。
eg.
<?php $var = 'this is suifeng'; echo <<<"EOT" <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8" /> <title>"随风"</title> </head> <body> 66666666666<br/> "666666666"<br/> $var<br/> \$var<br/> \n666<br> </body> </html> EOT;
从打印的结果我们可以看出：此时双引号仅仅只是一个普通字符；其他的效果和双引号的字符串效果一致。
3.2、nowdoc
同理，nowdoc是不使用单引号来定义，但效果相当于使用单引号来定义的字符串。【此时单引号相当于普通字符】
语法同heredoc
eg.
<?php $var = 'this is suifeng'; echo <<<'EOT' <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8" /> <title>"随风"</title> </head> <body> '02020'<br/> \'<br/> 66666666666<br/> "666666666"<br/> $var<br/> \$var<br/> \n666<br> </body> </html> EOT;
注意：
定界符之后必须不能有任何字符【特别是空格字符有时会没注意到】，否则将会出错。
如上例中的EOT后面有空格就会报这个错误：【 Parse error : syntax error, unexpected '<<' (T_SL)】
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