Tutorial on installing LNMP environment on Mac

The working environment recently switched to Mac, so taking OS X Yosemite (10.10.1) as an example, record the process of installing the LNMP environment under Mac from scratch

Make sure the system Install xcode, and then use a one-line command to install the dependency management tool Homebrew

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

. Then you can use

brew install FORMULA

to install the required dependencies. The naming of

brew (meaning brewing) is very interesting. All materials/instruments used in the brewing process are used. The nouns correspond to the following concepts:

• Formula ( Recipe) package definition, essentially an rb file

• Keg (bucket) installation path of the package

• Cellar (cellar) all The root directory of the package (bucket)

• Tap (faucet) source of the package

• Bottle (bottle) compiled and packaged package

The final compiled and installed program is a barrel of brewed wine

For more detailed information, please refer to Homebrew’s official Cookbook

So it is common to use Homebrew The process is:

1. Add a program source (add a faucet) brew tap homebrew/php

2. Update Program source brew update

3. ## Installation package (brew according to the recipe)

   brew install git

4. View configuration

   brew config You can see that the package is installed by default under /usr/local/Cellar (the wine barrel is placed in the cellar)

Install PHP5.6 (FPM method)

First join several official Homebrew software sources

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php

PHP如果采用默认配置安装，会编译mod_php模块并只运行在Apache环境下，为了使用Nginx，这里需要编译php-fpm并且禁用apache，主要通过参数--without-fpm --without-apache来实现。完整的安装指令为

brew install php56 \--without-snmp \--without-apache \--with-debug \--with-fpm \--with-intl \--with-homebrew-curl \--with-homebrew-libxslt \--with-homebrew-openssl \--with-imap \--with-mysql \--with-tidy

由于OSX已经自带了PHP环境，因此需要修改系统路径，优先运行brew安装的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

如果要安装新的php扩展，可以直接安装而不用每次重新编译php，所有的扩展可以通过

brew search php56

看到，下面是我自己所需要的扩展，可以支持Phalcon框架：

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo  php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug

PHP-FPM的加载与启动

安装完毕后可以通过以下指令启动和停止php-fpm

php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm

同时可以将php-fpm加入开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist

安装Nginx

brew install nginx

安装完毕后可以通过

nginx
nginx -s quit

启动和关闭，同时也支持重载配置文件等操作

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

nginx安装后默认监听8080端口，可以访问http://localhost:8080查看状态。如果要想监听80端口需要root权限，运行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx

并使用root权限启动

sudo nginx

开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx一般都会运行多个域名，因此这里参考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl

编辑Nginx全局配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  256;
}


http {    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
        '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
        '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
        '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
        '$cookie_evalogin';

    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    port_in_redirect off;    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

这样一来首先可以把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，比如fastcgi的设置就可以独立出来

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm

内容为

location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files                   $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index               index.php;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}

然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下可以一个文件对应一个域名的配置，比如web服务器目录是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    root         /opt/htdocs/;

    location / {
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;        include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
    }
}

此时启动了php-fpm并且启动了Nginx后，就可以通过http://localhost来运行php程序了

安装MySQL

brew install mysql

可以通过

mysql.server startmysql.server stop

来启动／停止，启动后默认应为空密码，可以通过mysqladmin设置一个密码

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"

但是在操作的时候出现了空密码无法登入的情况，最终只能通过mysqld_safe来设置

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

最后将MySQL加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Memcache

brew install memcached

启动/停止指令

memcached -d
killall memcached

加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Redis

brew install redis

Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行，因此需要先修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

将daemonize修改为yes，然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

设置别名

最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作

vim ~/.bash_profile

加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

安装其他项目支持

brew install composer node

安装Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv

加入内容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

然后

vim ~/.zshrc

加入内容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u

最后运行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

查看正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell

安装Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh

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