Implementation of four basic sorting algorithms in PHP

Premise: Use bubble sort, quick sort, selection sort, and insertion sort to sort the values ​​in the following array from small to large.

$arr(1,43,54,62,21,66,32,78,36,76,39);

1. Bubble sort

Idea analysis: In a group of numbers to be sorted, for the sequence that has not yet been sorted, compare and adjust the two adjacent numbers from front to back, so that the larger number sinks downwards , the smaller ones rise upward. That is, whenever two adjacent numbers are compared and it is found that their ordering is opposite to the ordering requirement, they are swapped.

Code implementation:

$arr=array(1,43,54,62,21,66,32,78,36,76,39);  
function bubbleSort($arr)
{  
  $len=count($arr);
  //该层循环控制 需要冒泡的轮数
  for($i=1;$i<$len;$i++)
  { //该层循环用来控制每轮 冒出一个数 需要比较的次数
    for($k=0;$k<$len-$i;$k++)
    {
       if($arr[$k]>$arr[$k+1])
        {
            $tmp=$arr[$k+1];
            $arr[$k+1]=$arr[$k];
            $arr[$k]=$tmp;
        }
    }
  }
  return $arr;
}

2. Selection sorting

Idea analysis: In a set of numbers to be sorted, Select the smallest number and exchange it with the number in the first position. Then find the smallest among the remaining numbers and exchange it with the number in the second position. This cycle continues until the penultimate number is compared with the last number.

Code implementation:

function selectSort($arr) {
//双重循环完成，外层控制轮数，内层控制比较次数
 $len=count($arr);
    for($i=0; $i<$len-1; $i++) {
        //先假设最小的值的位置
        $p = $i;
        
        for($j=$i+1; $j<$len; $j++) {
            //$arr[$p] 是当前已知的最小值
            if($arr[$p] > $arr[$j]) {
            //比较，发现更小的,记录下最小值的位置；并且在下次比较时采用已知的最小值进行比较。
                $p = $j;
            }
        }
        //已经确定了当前的最小值的位置，保存到$p中。如果发现最小值的位置与当前假设的位置$i不同，则位置互换即可。
        if($p != $i) {
            $tmp = $arr[$p];
            $arr[$p] = $arr[$i];
            $arr[$i] = $tmp;
        }
    }
    //返回最终结果
    return $arr;
}

3. Insertion sort

Idea analysis: In a set of numbers to be sorted, Assume that the previous numbers are already in order, and now we need to insert the n-th number into the previous ordered numbers so that these n numbers are also in order. Repeat this cycle until everything is in order.

Code implementation:

function insertSort($arr) {
    $len=count($arr); 
    for($i=1, $i<$len; $i++) {
        $tmp = $arr[$i];
        //内层循环控制，比较并插入
        for($j=$i-1;$j>=0;$j--) {
            if($tmp < $arr[$j]) {
                //发现插入的元素要小，交换位置，将后边的元素与前面的元素互换
                $arr[$j+1] = $arr[$j];
                $arr[$j] = $tmp;
            } else {
                //如果碰到不需要移动的元素，由于是已经排序好是数组，则前面的就不需要再次比较了。
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return $arr;
}

4. Quick sort

Idea analysis: Select a benchmark element, usually the first one element or the last element. Through one scan, the column to be sorted is divided into two parts, one part is smaller than the reference element, and the other part is greater than or equal to the reference element. At this time, the base element is at its correct position after sorting, and then the two divided parts are sorted recursively in the same way.

Code implementation:

function quickSort($arr) {
    //先判断是否需要继续进行
    $length = count($arr);
    if($length <= 1) {
        return $arr;
    }
    //选择第一个元素作为基准
    $base_num = $arr[0];
    //遍历除了标尺外的所有元素，按照大小关系放入两个数组内
    //初始化两个数组
    $left_array = array();  //小于基准的
    $right_array = array();  //大于基准的
    for($i=1; $i<$length; $i++) {
        if($base_num > $arr[$i]) {
            //放入左边数组
            $left_array[] = $arr[$i];
        } else {
            //放入右边
            $right_array[] = $arr[$i];
        }
    }
    //再分别对左边和右边的数组进行相同的排序处理方式递归调用这个函数
    $left_array = quick_sort($left_array);
    $right_array = quick_sort($right_array);
    //合并
    return array_merge($left_array, array($base_num), $right_array);
}

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