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PHP delayed binding and non-delayed binding parsing

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Release: 2023-03-20 15:40:01
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php version: php5.6

Delayed binding includes: get_class($this), get_called_class(), new static(), static::
Non-delayed binding includes: get_class(), __CLASS__, new self(), self::

When using new static()

<?phpclass NewStatic{
    //该类的实例
    private $newStatic;    //判断$newStatic是否为空,为空则实例化自身并存入$newStatic
    public function init()
    {
        if (empty($this -> newStatic)) {            $this -> newStatic = new static();            echo "该类已初始化";
        }        else {            $this -> newStatic -> exec();
        }
    }    //该类的执行方法
    public function exec()
    {
        echo "该类NewStatic已执行";
    }
}class Sub extends NewStatic{
    //覆盖父类中的exec方法,用于区分
    public function exec()
    {
        echo "该类Sub已执行";
    }
}echo "<h3>NewStatic的测试结果</h3>";$newStatic = new NewStatic();echo "第一次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$newStatic -> init(); // 输出结果: 该类已初始化echo "<br>第二次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$newStatic -> init(); //输出结果: 该类NewStatic已执行echo "<h3>NewStatic的子类Sub的测试结果</h3>";$sub = new Sub();echo "第一次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$sub -> init(); // 输出结果: 该类已初始化echo "<br>第二次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$sub -> init();  //输出结果: 该类Sub已执行
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Replace static with self

<?phpclass NewStatic{
    //该类的实例
    private $newStatic;    //判断$newStatic是否为空,为空则实例化自身并存入$newStatic
    public function init()
    {
        if (empty($this -> newStatic)) {            $this -> newStatic = new self();  //修改此处的static为self
            echo "该类已初始化";
        }        else {            $this -> newStatic -> exec();
        }
    }    //该类的执行方法
    public function exec()
    {
        echo "该类NewStatic已执行";
    }
}class Sub extends NewStatic{
    //覆盖父类中的exec方法,用于区分
    public function exec()
    {
        echo "该类Sub已执行";
    }
}echo "<h3>NewStatic的测试结果</h3>";$newStatic = new NewStatic();echo "第一次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$newStatic -> init(); // 输出结果: 该类已初始化echo "<br>第二次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$newStatic -> init(); //输出结果: 该类NewStatic已执行echo "<h3>NewStatic的子类Sub的测试结果</h3>";$sub = new Sub();echo "第一次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$sub -> init(); // 输出结果: 该类已初始化echo "<br>第二次执行初始化的结果:<br>";$sub -> init();  //输出结果: 该类NewStatic已执行 此处输出的结果发生了变化
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Conclusion:

    如果在子类中调用父类中含有new static()的方法时,它实例化子类,但是如果是父类中使用的是new self()的话,那么实例化的就是父类了,new self()永远指向定义的那个类,而new static()
会绑定调用时的那个类(延迟绑定)这就是new static()和new self()的区别。这个区别实际上跟static::和self::的区别是一样的,使用static::调用静态方法时调用的是延迟绑定后的类的静态方法,而self::指向定义的静态类的方法

另外要补充的一点new self()等同于如下写法:$class = get_class(); //注意:这里的get_class()里边没有传递参数$obj = new $class();
或者$class = __CLASS__;$obj = new $class();new static()等同于如下写法:$class = get_called_class();$obj = new $class();
或者$class = get_class($this); // 这里get_class()有没有传递参数效果是不一样的,跟这个函数本身的特性有关$obj = new $class();
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Related recommendations:

Detailed explanation of the comparison between static delayed binding and ordinary static efficiency in PHP

The differences between parent classes and subclasses in PHP Late binding/delay binding

PHP object-oriented programming (oop) study notes (2) - properties and methods of static variables and delayed binding_php example

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