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Detailed explanation of Laraval's file structure, routing, and controllers

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Release: 2023-03-20 18:58:02
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This article mainly shares with you the detailed explanation of Laraval's file structure, routing, and controller. Our article route is 1. File structure 2. , Writing the first line of code 3. Initial powerful Artisan 4. Routing 5. Controller.

1. File structure

After opening the project code, we can clearly see the Laravel source code in the left sidebar of Sublime Structure:

The following is a brief introduction to what each folder in the Laravel source code is used for. Only by understanding the structure can we better carry out subsequent development.

##The business logic code of the website, For example: controller/model/routing etcbootstrapFramework starts files related to automatic loading settingsconfigVarious configuration files of the website##database##public

##Folder

Introduction

##app

Files related to database operations

The external folder of the website, entry files and static resources (CSS, JS, pictures, etc.)

##resources

Front-end view files and original resources (CSS, JS, images, etc.)

# #storage

##Compiled views, files generated based on sessions, file caches and other frameworks

tests

Automated test files

vendor

Composer dependency files

app/Http/Controllers

Store the controller

app/Http/Middleware

Storing middleware

resources/views

View path blade view

In addition to the above folders, some files in the root directory are also commonly used:

##.gitignoregit settings file, specify which files will be ignored by git and not included in file management##composer.jsoncomposer.lockgulpfile.jspackage.json

Files

Introduction

##.env

Environment configuration file

##.env.example

An example of a .env file

Composer extension package required for the website

Extension pack list, make sure copies of this site use the same version of the extension pack

##GULP configuration file (GULP will be learned later)

npm package required for the website

##readme.md

##Website code description file

##app/Http/routes.php

Most of the website Routes are defined in this file, which will be loaded by the App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider class.

It’s good to have a simple understanding. In the subsequent development process, we will have a deeper understanding of Laravel’s structure through practice.

2. Write the first line of code

Let us write the first line of code, Hello World!

First we need to locate the welcome page we have seen before. The location of this page is: resources/views/welcome.blade.php.

Open this file and press ctrl+f to search for Laravel 5 You can locate the specific location of the code

and modify it to Hello world and then remember to ctrl+s to save.

<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    <body><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        <pclass="container"><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">            <pclass="content"><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">                <pclass="title">My first Demo</p><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">            </p><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        </p><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    </body><br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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Now open the browser and enter localhost in the address bar to see the following effect:


It’s very simple, our first line of code is completed:)

3. Initial powerful Artisan

(1) What is Artisan?

Friends who are familiar with Linux know that our usual common operations such as creating/deleting files can be completed on the command line. Artisan is equivalent to a command customized exclusively for us by Laravel. The running tool provides many practical commands that can be used to quickly generate some files commonly used in Laravel development and complete related configurations.

(2) Commonly used Artisan commands

Use the command line to enter our code root directory:

cd ~/Code/myweb

Then, execute php artisan list to view commonly used artisan commands:

php artisanlist

As shown below, you can see that many artisan commands are displayed:

The most commonly used commands are listed below. The usage method is like The same as the php artisan list above, just have a brief understanding first. We will use these commands many times in subsequent development:

##Perform migrationphp artisan migrate:rollbackrollback migrationphp artisan migrate:refreshReset databasephp artisan db:seedpopulate database##php artisan tinker


在开发过程中,应该尽量使用 artisan 命令,这样不仅可以提高开发效率,还可以减少bug。

在后续的实验中,我们也会多次使用 artisan 命令。

四、路由

我们学习 Laravel 基础功能之一:路由。

(一) 什么是路由呢?

在浏览器中输入http://www.php.cn/我们可以访问PHP中文网网站的首页,如果我们输入http://www.php.cn/php-weizijiaocheng-396022.html呢?我们会来到PHP中文网的文章页面。

这就是路由了,即路由系统会对用户输入的 URL 地址 进行解析,然后分配不同的工作,有点像路由器。

路由不仅可以美化 URL,还可以便于用户记忆等。

那么 Laravel 是怎么处理 url 的呢?

首先,我们打开项目代码,找到路由设置文件,文件位置:app/Http/routes.php。

我们可以看到,当前 routes.php 文件中只有如下几行代码,这几行代码都实现了哪些功能呢?

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('/', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return view('welcome');<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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这几行代码表示,当我们输入的 url为 网址 + ‘/’,也就是localhost/ 时,为我们返回 欢迎页,也就是之前我们写 Hello World 的页面。

注意:在输入网址的时候,localhost和 localhost/是一样的。

我们可以尝试将这段代码修改一下:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('welcome', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return view('welcome');<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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然后我们打开浏览器,再输入localhost,我们会发现,报错了!

这个错误的大概意思是,没有找到处理该 url 的办法,因为我们没有定义 '/' 这条路由。

现在我们输入 localhost/welcome 并刷新页面,我们看到了熟悉的页面原来的征程welcome界面

通过上面的尝试,你是否对路由有了一个简单的认识?

下面我们来系统的学习一下 Laravel 的路由。

(二) 基本路由

网站的大多数路由都定义在 app/Http/routes.php 文件中,该文件将会被 App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider 类加载。最基本的 Laravel 路由仅接受 URI 和一个闭包,下面我们再定义两条路由。

app/Http/routes.php

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<span style="font-size: 14px;">/*<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">|--------------------------------------------------------------------------<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">| Application Routes<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">|--------------------------------------------------------------------------<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">|<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">| Here is where you can register all of the routes for an application.<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">| It&#39;s a breeze. Simply tell Laravel the URIs it should respond to<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">| and give it the controller to call when that URI is requested.<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;welcome&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return view(&#39;welcome&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Index Page&#39;;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/help&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Help Page&#39;;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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然后我们分别访问 localhost 和 localhost/help 可以看到返回了对应的信息:

(三) 路由动作

我们知道,一个url请求可能有多种类型,除了常用的GET,还可能有 POST、PUT、DELETE 等类型的请求。

对应的处理方法如下:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::post(&#39;/foo&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //该路由将匹配 post方法的 &#39;/foo&#39; url<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::put(&#39;/foo&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //该路由将匹配 put方法的 &#39;/foo&#39; url<br/></span>
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除此之外,还可以用 match 来同时处理多种类型的请求:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::match([&#39;get&#39;, &#39;post&#39;],&#39;/foo&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    // 该路由将匹配 get 和 post 方法的 &#39;foo&#39; url<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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甚至,还可以使用 any 来同时处理所有类型的请求:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::any(&#39;/foo&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    // 该路由将匹配所有类型的 &#39;foo&#39; url<br/></span>
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(四) 路由参数

1.基础的路由参数

有时候你可能需要从 URL 中获取一些参数,比如姓名、年龄等。

下面打开 routes.php,加入一个带参路由。

app/Http/routes.php

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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;name/{name}&#39;, function($name){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;I`m &#39;.$name;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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然后我们如果访问 localhost/name/Tom 我们可以看到网页返回了对应的信息:

如果试图访问 localhost/name 将会出现错误:

我们也可以定义多个参数:

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;name/{name}/age/{age}&#39;, function($name, $age){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;I`m &#39;.$name.&#39; ,and I`m &#39;.$age;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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然后我们如果访问 localhost/name/Tom/age/28 我们可以看到网页返回了对应的信息:


2.可选的路由参数

有时你需要指定可选的路由参数,可以通过在参数后面加上 ?来实现。

app/Http/routes.php

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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;hello/{name?}&#39;, function($name = null){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Hello! &#39;.$name;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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这时你访问 localhost/hello 将不会报错,只是参数是空值。

你可以为该可选参数设定一个默认值,当 url 未传参时,将显示默认值。

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;hello/{name?}&#39;, function($name = &#39;Tom&#39;){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Hello! &#39;.$name;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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这时访问 localhost/hello 将返回默认的信息,如下图:


如果访问localhost/hello/John 将会显示参数,如下图:


(五) 命名路由

所谓命名路由,就是给路由起个名字,这样我们就可以通过这个名字获取到该条路由的相关信息,也更利于后期维护。

建议在开发过程中给每个路由命名,使用下面两种方式都可以为一个路由命名。

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;foo&#39;, [&#39;as&#39; => 'foo', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //方法一<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}]);<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('foo', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">})->name('foo');<br></span>
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(六) 路由群组

路由群组允许你共用路由属性,例如:中间件、命名空间等,你可以利用路由群组统一为多个路由设置共同属性,而不需在每个路由上都设置一次。共用属性被指定为数组格式,当作Route::group方法的第一个参数。

下面通过几个常用样例来熟悉这些特性。

1.为路由群组添加共用的中间件

至于什么是中间件,在后面的实验中会专门的学习。

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('/', function()    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        // 该路由将使用 Auth 中间件<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('name', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        // 该路由也将使用 Auth 中间件<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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2.为路由群组添加共用的命名空间

什么是命名空间?从广义上来说,命名空间是一种封装事物的方法。在很多地方都可以见到这种抽象概念。例如,在操作系统中目录用来将相关文件分组,对于目录中的文件来说,它就扮演了命名空间的角色。具体举个例子,文件 foo.txt 可以同时在目录/home/greg 和 /home/other 中存在,但在同一个目录中不能存在两个 foo.txt 文件。另外,在目录 /home/greg 外访问 foo.txt 文件时,我们必须将目录名以及目录分隔符放在文件名之前得到 /home/greg/foo.txt。这个原理应用到程序设计领域就是命名空间的概念。

你可以简单的把命名空间理解为,当前文件所在的位置。

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::group(['namespace' => 'Admin'], function()<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    // 控制器在「App\Http\Controllers\Admin」命名空间<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::group(['namespace' => 'User'], function()<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        // 控制器在「App\Http\Controllers\Admin\User」命名空间<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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3.为路由群组添加共用的前缀

你可能有一系列路由都具有一个相同的前缀,比如:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('user/name', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('user/age', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('user/introduction', function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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这时你就可以用路由群组来简化代码:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::group(['prefix' => 'user'], function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('name', function()    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('age', function()    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('introduction', function()    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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路由群组也可以添加参数:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::group(['prefix' => 'user/{id}'], function(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('name', function($id)    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        // 符合 'user/{id}/name' URL <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    Route::get('age', function($id)    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        // 符合 'user/{id}/age' URL <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    });<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br></span>
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(七) 查看路由

我们可以使用url('foo')函数来生成完整的 URL,例如,我们这样修改一下代码:

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/help&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return url(&#39;/help&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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然后,访问localhost/help,我们可以看到返回了完整的 URL 信息:


我们还可以使用命名路由函数route('foo')来生成完整的 URL 信息。

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/help&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return route(&#39;foo&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/foo&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    //<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">})->name('foo');<br></span>
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然后,访问 localhost/help,我们可以看到返回了 foo 路由的完整 URL 信息:


(八) 正则表达式限制路由

你可以使用 where 方法来限制参数的格式。where 方法接受参数的名称和正则表达式。

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;hello/{name?}&#39;, function($name = &#39;Tom&#39;){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Hello! &#39;.$name;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">})->where('name','[A-Za-z]+');<br></span>
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然后如果访问 localhost/hello/John 这样的 url 就会正确显示。

如果访问 localhost/hello/55 这样的 url 将会报错,如下图:


同样,也可对多个参数都设置正则验证:

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;name/{name}/age/{age}&#39;, function($name, $age){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;I`m &#39;.$name.&#39; ,and I`m &#39;.$age;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">})->where(['name' => '[A-Za-z]+', 'age' => '[0-9]+']);<br></span>
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如果你想对所有的路由参数都加上某种限制,需要在RouteServiceProvider 的 boot 方法里定义这些限制。

<span style="font-size: 14px;">/**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> * 定义你的路由模型绑定,模式过滤器等。<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Router  $router<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> * @return void<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">publicfunctionboot(Router $router)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    $router->pattern('id', '[0-9]+');<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    parent::boot($router);<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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五、控制器

本次实验我们学习控制器(Controller)。

(一) 准备工作

首先,我们先创建一个路由,顺便再练习一下上次试验的内容,打开routes.php文件。

app/Http/routes.php

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return view(&#39;welcome&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;user/name&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return&#39;Name Page&#39;;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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当我们访问网站地址 localhost/user/name 时,会返回 'NamePage':


但是我们知道,实际的网站功能不可能这么单调,我们需要更多的返回信息和操作,显然把大量的处理代码写在这里是不合适的,这时候就要用到Controller。

现在我们对上面的代码进行更改:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/&#39;, function(){<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    return view(&#39;welcome&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">});<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/user/name&#39;, &#39;UserController@name&#39;);<br/></span>
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这段代码的意思就是,当用户访问 'localhost/user/name' 这个 URL 的时候,调用 UserController 这个控制器的 name 方法来处理请求。也就是说,将原来的闭包函数放到了一个单独的文件中。

我们可以将有共同特征的路由处理函数放到一个共同的控制器中,例如下面这种方式:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/user/name&#39;, &#39;UserController@name&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/user/age&#39;, &#39;UserController@age&#39;);<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get(&#39;/user/introduction&#39;, &#39;UserController@introduction&#39;);<br/></span>
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三条不同的路由的处理函数放在了同一个控制器(用户控制器)的三个不同的方法内。

下面我们通过几个简单的例子来体会一下 Controller是怎么工作的。

(二) 基础控制器

控制器一般存放在 app/Http/Controllers 目录下,下面是一个基础控制器的例子,先来简单感受一下控制器文件的结构:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\User;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">classUserControllerextendsController<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * 显示指定用户的个人数据。<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  int  $id<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return Response<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionshow($id)<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        return view(&#39;user.profile&#39;, [&#39;user&#39; => User::findOrFail($id)]);<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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所有 Laravel 控制器都应继承基础控制器类,它包含在Laravel 的默认安装中。该基础类提供了一些便捷的方法,例如 middleware 方法(middleware 是中间件 后边会讲解),该方法可以用来将中间件附加在控制器行为上。

然后你就可以通过一个路由把请求引入到这个控制器文件来,像下面这样:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('user/{id}', 'UserController@show');<br></span>
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现在,当请求和此特定路由的 URI 相匹配时,UserController 类的 show 方法就会被运行。当然,路由的参数也会被传递至该方法。

现在,让我们动手实践来感受一下控制器。

首先用 artisan 命令创建一个新的控制器,打开命令行,进入代码根目录:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">cd ~/Code/myweb<br></span>
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然后运行 artisan命令生成控制器:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">phpartisanmake:controllerUserController<br></span>
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然后转到 app/Http/Controllers目录下,可以看到刚刚创建的 UserController.php。打开这个文件:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useIlluminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Requests;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">classUserControllerextendsController<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Display a listing of the resource.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionindex()<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Show the form for creating a new resource.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctioncreate()<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Store a newly created resource in storage.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionstore(Request $request)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Display the specified resource.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  int  $id<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionshow($id)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  int  $id<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionedit($id)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Update the specified resource in storage.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  int  $id<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionupdate(Request $request, $id)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Remove the specified resource from storage.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @param  int  $id<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctiondestroy($id)<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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我们可以看到,Laravel 为我们生成了一些默认的代码,仔细观察可以发现是 7 个空方法,分别是

index()、create()、store()、show()、edit、update、destroy

其中index()通常用来显示引导页/首页,其他的六个通常用来对数据的创建/读取/更新/删除操作,简称 CRUD (Create Retrieve Update Delete)。

现在我们先删除这些空操作,然后创建一个新方法:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useIlluminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Requests;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">classUserControllerextendsController<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionname(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        return'Name Page';<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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对应之前创建过的路由:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('/user/name', 'UserController@name');<br></span>
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现在我们可以访问一下localhost/user/name看下效果:


可以看到,实现了跟以前一样的效果,但是我们应用了 Controller ,一个很简单的例子。

(三) 控制器的命名空间

可能你会注意到控制器文件中有这么一行代码:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers;<br></span>
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这行代码就是说明了此控制器的命名空间。

这个目录也是控制器的默认目录,所以我们在 routes.php 文件中引入的时候可以直接使用:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('/user/name', 'UserController@name');<br></span>
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有一点非常重要,那就是我们在定义控制器路由时,不需要指定完整的控制器命名空间。我们只需要定义「根」命名空间 App\Http\Controllers 之后的部分类名称即可。默认 RouteServiceProvider 会使用路由群组,把 routes.php 文件里所有路由规则都配置了根控制器命名空间。

现在假如你在 App\Http\Controller 目录下新建了一个 User 文件夹来存放 UserControllser.php。

你的 routes.php 文件中就需要这么写:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('/user/name', 'User\UserController@name');<br></span>
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相应的,控制器中的命名空间也要改变:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers\User;<br></span>
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现在让我们来删掉刚才的控制器,重新生成一个新的控制器,打开命令行:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">rm app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php<br></span>
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然后重新生成一个 UserController ,这次我们单独创建一个 User 文件夹来存放这个 Controller 。

<span style="font-size: 14px;">php artisan make:controller User/UserController<br></span>
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然后打开工程文件,我们可以看到,在 app\http\Controllers 文件夹下新建了一个 User 文件夹,里边有我们刚刚创建的 UserController.php 文件,打开这个文件:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers\User;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useIlluminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Requests;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">classUserControllerextendsController<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    /**<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * Display a listing of the resource.<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     *<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">     */<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionindex()<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    {<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        //<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    .<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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注意看命名空间,可以看到,默认生成的命名空间就是App\Http\Controller\User 这就是 artisan 命令为我们做的。

修改为我们自己的方法:

<span style="font-size: 14px;"><?php<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">namespaceApp\Http\Controllers\User;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useIlluminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Requests;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">useApp\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">classUserControllerextendsController<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">{<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    publicfunctionname(){<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">        return'Name Page';<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">    }<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">}<br></span>
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然后对应更改 routes.php 文件:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">Route::get('/user/name', 'User\UserController@name');<br></span>
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然后访问 localhost/user/name 可以看到实现了正确的跳转!

(四) 控制器的依赖注入

细心的你肯定发现,控制器中还有几行神奇的代码:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">use Illuminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"> <br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">use App\Http\Requests;<br></span>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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这几行代码说明了该控制器的依赖注入,简单来说,依赖注入就是将该控制器用到的依赖添加进来。

比如,所有的 Controller 都依赖 基础 Controller.php ,所以需要:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;<br></span>
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比如,当我们处理请求的时候,我们引入 Request 类,才可以使用很多 Laravel 提供的方法:

<span style="font-size: 14px;">use Illuminate\Http\Request;<br></span>
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Copy after login

在后边的实验中你会慢慢体会到依赖注入的强大之处。

相关推荐:

.net转php laraval框架学习系列,.netlaraval_PHP教程

Command

Description

##php artisan key:generate

Generate App Key

php artisan make:controller

Generate controller

php artisan make:model

Generate model

php artisan make:policy

Generate authorization policy

##php artisan make:seeder

Generate Seeder file

php artisan migrate

Enter tinker environment

php artisan route:list

##View route list

The above is the detailed content of Detailed explanation of Laraval's file structure, routing, and controllers. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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