PHP之变量、常量学习笔记_php技巧
有关变量的传地址赋值
PHP 3 中,变量总是传值赋值。PHP 4 提供了另外一种方式给变量赋值:传地址赋值。使用传地址赋值,即简单地追加一个(&)符号到将要赋值的变量前(源变量)。这意味着新的变量简单的引用了原始变量,改动新的变量将影响到原始变量,反之亦然。
$foo = 'Bob';
$bar = &$foo;
$bar = "My name is $bar";
echo $bar;
echo $foo;
?>
变量foo只在首行被赋值,正常应输出为“Bob”,然而传址赋值给变量bar,在变量bar值发生变化的同时,变量foo的值也发生了变化。
关于(超)全局变量
PHP全局变量的声明是在引用变量时声明的,而非在程序首行定义、赋值变量时来定义是全局还是局部变量。
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
function Sum()
{
global $a, $b;
$b = $a + $b;
}
Sum();
echo $b;
?>
如果函数Sum()内没有使用global声明全局变量,程序会报错未定义的变量。
当然,在PHP中还有一些变量在某程序功能范围内是不需要global声明,这些变量称为 超全局变量,而这些超全局变量基本都不是用户自定义的,而是PHP预定义的一些变量,比如 $_GET、$_POST、$_COOKIE等。
有关可变变量
PHP中比较有意思的可变变量,比如 $a="bruce" ,还可以使用 $$a 表示为 $bruce ,即可变变量是使用的两个美元符号。
但其中在 $$a[1] 中,是 $a[1] 作为一个变量,还是 $$a 作为一个变量并取出该变量中索引为 [1] 的值?这里没有前后的依次关系,而是使用 ${$a[1]} 或 ${$a}[1] 来表示上述两种情况。
=========================================================
关于常量
常量区别于变量,从常量被定义起其范围就是全局的
量默认为大小写敏感,按照惯例常量标识符总是大写的
常量前面没有美元符号($)
常量一旦定义就不能被重新定义或者取消定义
常量只能用 define() 函数定义,而不能通过赋值语句
比如 define("MYNAME","cnbruce") 就是定义了一个值为“cnbruce”的MYNAME常量
define("MYNAME","cnbruce");
$MYNAME="cnrose";
echo MYNAME;
echo $MYNAME;
?>
另外,如何将常量和变量的值一起输出,这需要涉及到PHP的字符串运算,使用英文句号(.)可将字符串连接合并成新的字符串,类似ASP中的&。
echo MYNAME.",".$MYNAME; 输出为“cnbruce,cnrose”
和变量中的预定义变量一样,PHP也有预定义常量(或称魔术常量),即不需要define() 函数定义。比如
__FILE__ 表示文件的完整路径和文件名,类似于ASP中Server.Mappath当前文件
echo __FILE__;
?>
PHP预定义常量分为:
内核预定义常量,在 PHP 内核、Zend 和 SAPI 模块中定义的常量
标准预定义常量,PHP 中默认定义的常量

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