53 ways to optimize PHP code

This article mainly shares with you 53 ways to optimize PHP code. Use single quotes instead of double quotes to include strings. This will be faster. Because PHP will search for variables in strings surrounded by double quotes, single quotes will not. Note: only echo can do this, it is a "function" that can take multiple strings as parameters (Annotation: PHP Manual It is said that echo is a language structure, not a real function, so the function is enclosed in double quotes).
1. If you can define a class method as static, try to define it as static, and its speed will increase by nearly 4 times.
2. The speed of $row['id'] is 7 times that of $row[id].
3. Echo is faster than print, and uses echo's multiple parameters (translation annotation: refers to using commas instead of periods) instead of string concatenation, such as echo $str1, $str2.
4. Determine the maximum number of loops before executing the for loop. Do not calculate the maximum value every loop. It is best to use foreach instead.
5. Unregister unused variables, especially large arrays, to free up memory.
6. Try to avoid using __get, __set, __autoload.
7. require_once() is expensive.
8. Try to use absolute paths when including files, because it avoids the speed of PHP searching for files in include_path, and the time required to parse the operating system path will be less.
9. If you want to know the time when the script starts executing (annotation: that is, the server receives the client request), it is better to use $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'] than time().
10. Functions replace regular expressions to complete the same function.
11. The str_replace function is faster than the preg_replace function, but the strtr function is four times more efficient than the str_replace function.
12. If a string replacement function can accept arrays or characters as parameters, and the parameter length is not too long, you can consider writing an additional replacement code so that each parameter passed is one character instead of just one line. The code accepts arrays as parameters for query and replace.
13. It is better to use a selective branch statement (translation annotation: switch case) than to use multiple if, else if statements.
14. Using @ to block error messages is very inefficient, extremely inefficient.
15. Turn on the mod_deflate module of apache to improve the browsing speed of web pages.
16. The database connection should be closed when finished using it. Do not use long connections.
17. Error messages are expensive.
18. Increasing local variables in methods is the fastest. Almost as fast as calling local variables in a function.
19. Incrementing a global variable is 2 times slower than incrementing a local variable.
20. Incrementing an object property (such as: $this->prop++) is 3 times slower than incrementing a local variable.
21. Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9 to 10 times slower than incrementing a predefined local variable.
22. Just defining a local variable without calling it in the function will also slow down the speed (to the same extent as incrementing a local variable). PHP will probably check to see if a global variable exists.
23. Method calls appear to have nothing to do with the number of methods defined in the class, because I added 10 methods (both before and after testing the method), but there was no change in performance.
24. Methods in derived classes run faster than the same methods defined in base classes.
25. Calling an empty function with one parameter takes time equivalent to performing 7 to 8 local variable increment operations. A similar method call takes close to 15 local variable increment operations.
26. The time for Apache to parse a PHP script is 2 to 10 times slower than parsing a static HTML page. Try to use more static HTML pages and less scripts.
27. Unless the script can be cached, it will be recompiled every time it is called. Introducing a PHP caching mechanism can usually improve performance by 25% to 100% to eliminate compilation overhead.
28. Try to cache as much as possible, you can use memcached. Memcached is a high-performance memory object caching system that can be used to accelerate dynamic web applications and reduce database load. Caching of OP codes is useful so that scripts do not have to be recompiled for each request.
29. When operating a string and need to check whether its length meets certain requirements, you will naturally use the strlen() function. This function executes quite quickly because it does not do any calculations and just returns the known string length stored in the zval structure (C's built-in data structure used to store PHP variables). However, since strlen() is a function, it will be somewhat slow, because the function call will go through many steps, such as lowercase letters (Annotation: refers to the lowercase function name, PHP does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase function names), hash search, Will be executed together with the called function. In some cases, you can use the isset() trick to speed up the execution of your code.
(Example below)
if (strlen($foo) < 5) { echo “Foo is too short”$$ }
(Compare with the following technique)
if (!isset ($foo{5})) { echo “Foo is too short”$$ }
Calling isset() happens to be faster than strlen(), because unlike the latter, isset(), as a language construct, Meaning that its execution does not require function lookup and letter lowercase. That is, you actually don't spend much overhead in the top-level code checking the string length.
34. When executing the increment or decrement of variable $i, $i++ will be slower than ++$i. This difference is specific to PHP and does not apply to other languages, so please don't modify your C or Java code and expect it to be instantly faster, it won't work. ++$i is faster because it only requires 3 instructions (opcodes), while $i++ requires 4 instructions. Post-increment actually creates a temporary variable that is subsequently incremented. Prefix increment increases directly on the original value. This is a form of optimization, as done by Zend's PHP optimizer. It's a good idea to keep this optimization in mind because not all command optimizers do the same optimizations, and there are a large number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and servers that don't have command optimizers installed.
35. Everything does not have to be object-oriented (OOP). Object-oriented is often very expensive, and each method and object call consumes a lot of memory.
36. It is not necessary to use classes to implement all data structures. Arrays are also very useful.
37. Don’t subdivide the methods too much. Think carefully about which code you really intend to reuse?
38. When you need it, you can always break the code into methods.
39. Try to use a large number of PHP built-in functions.
40. If there are a large number of time-consuming functions in the code, you can consider implementing them using C extensions.
41. Evaluate and profile your code. The checker will tell you which parts of the code take how much time. The Xdebug debugger includes inspection routines that evaluate the overall integrity of your code and reveal bottlenecks in your code.
42. mod_zip can be used as an Apache module to instantly compress your data and reduce data transmission volume by 80%.
43. When file_get_contents can be used instead of file, fopen, feof, fgets and other series of methods, try to use file_get_contents because it is much more efficient! However, please pay attention to the PHP version problem of file_get_contents when opening a URL file;
44. Try to perform as few file operations as possible, although PHP's file operation efficiency is not low;
45. Optimize the Select SQL statement, when possible Under the circumstances, perform as few Insert and Update operations as possible (I was criticized for updating);
46. Use PHP internal functions as much as possible (but I wasted a lot of money just to find a function that does not exist in PHP. It would have taken less time to write a custom function, a matter of experience!);
47. Do not declare variables inside the loop, especially large variables: objects (this seems to be not just a problem in PHP, right?);
48. Try not to loop nested assignments for multi-dimensional arrays;
49. Do not use regular expressions when you can use PHP’s internal string manipulation functions;
50. Foreach is more efficient, try to use foreach replaces while and for loops;
51. Use single quotes instead of double quotes to quote strings;
52. "Use i+=1 instead of i=i+1. It conforms to the habits of c/c++ and is more efficient." ;
53. Global variables should be unset()ed after use;
Finally, summarize the common and important PHP optimization strategies:
1. Use absolute paths in includes and requires, so that in It takes less time to analyze the path;
2. Don’t use functions in loops, such as For($x=0; $x < count($array); $x), the count() function calculates outside first ;
3. Use the error_reporting(0) function to prevent potentially sensitive information from being displayed to users. Ideally error reporting should be completely disabled in the php.ini file. But if you are using a shared virtual host and you cannot modify php.ini, then you'd better add the error_reporting(0) function and put it on the first line of each script file (or use require_once() to load it). This can Effectively protect sensitive SQL queries and paths from being displayed when errors occur;
4. It is forbidden to have too many loops within loops. Too many nested loops will reduce the execution efficiency.
5. It is forbidden to execute inside the loop Related query statements, unless absolutely necessary, do not do this.
6. Try to use single quotes to connect strings
7. Reduce variable copy operations as much as possible. For example: $description = $_POST['description'];
8. When there are too many if/else, use switch/case instead of if/else as much as possible. Can make the code more concise
9. Turning on the caching mechanism helps improve performance and reduce MySQL load
10. Turn on gzip compression

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