A first look at Map and WeakMap in ES6

This article shares with you Map and WeakMap in ES6. I hope it can help friends in need

Map objects save key-value pairs. Any value (object or primitive) can be used as a key or a value.

Use mapping object

let myMap=new Map();
let keyObj={},keyfunc=function(){},keysTring='hello word';

set(key,value) Add value

myMap.set(keysTring,'keysTring的关联值')
myMap.set(keyfunc,'keyfunc的关联值')
myMap.set(keyObj,'keyObj的关联值')

size Get the size of Map

console.log(myMap.size)  //3

get(key) Get the size of map Value

console.log(myMap.get(keysTring)) //keysTring的关联值
console.log(myMap.get('hello word')) //keysTring的关联值


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console.log(myMap.get(keyfunc)) //keyfunc的关联值
console.log(function(){}===keyfunc)  //false 
console.log(myMap.get(function(){})) //undefined, 因为keyFunc !== function () {}


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console.log(myMap.get(keyObj)) //keyObj的关联值
console.log({}===keyObj)  //false 
console.log(myMap.get({})) //undefined 因为keyObj !== {}

Use NaN as the key of the map

myMap.set(NaN, "not a number");
console.log(myMap.get(NaN))  //not a number

var otherNaN=Number('foo');
console.log(otherNaN)  //NaN
console.log(myMap.get(otherNaN))  //not a number 也可以取值

The relationship between mapping and array object

let kvArray = [["key1", "value1"], ["key2", "value2"]];
var myMap1 = new Map(kvArray);
//使用映射对象常规的构造函数将一个二维键值对数组对象转换成一个映射关系
console.log(myMap1) //Map { 'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2' }
console.log(myMap1.get('key1'))  //value1
console.log([...myMap1]) //[ [ 'key1', 'value1' ], [ 'key2', 'value2' ] ]

forEach()

var myMap2 = new Map(kvArray);
myMap2.forEach((value,index)=>{
    console.log(value+'---'+index)  //value1---key1   value2---key2
})

The for..of

var myMap3 = new Map(kvArray);
for(var a of myMap3){
    console.log(a)      //[ 'key1', 'value1' ] [ 'key2', 'value2' ]
}

for(var [key,value] of myMap3){
    console.log('key:'+key+', value:'+value)  //key:key1, value:value1 key:key2, value:value2
}

clear() method will remove all elements in the Map object.

let clearMap=new Map();
clearMap.set('hello','word');
console.log(clearMap.size)  //1
clearMap.clear();   //清空
console.log(clearMap.size)  //0

delete(key) is used to remove the specified element in the Map object.

let delMap=new Map();
delMap.set('hi','word');
delMap.set('hello','word');
console.log(delMap)  //Map { 'hi' => 'word', 'hello' => 'word' }
delMap.delete('hi'); //执行删除操作
console.log(delMap)  //Map { 'hello' => 'word' }

has(key) returns a bool value to indicate whether the specified element exists in the map.

let hasMap=new Map();
hasMap.set('hi','word');
hasMap.set('hi','hello word');
console.log(hasMap)  //Map { 'hi' => 'hello word' }   一样的key后面的value会覆盖前面的值
console.log(hasMap.has('hi')); //true
console.log(hasMap.has('hello')); //false

entries() converts the map object into an iterator

let entriesMap=new Map();
entriesMap.set('a','A');
entriesMap.set('b','B');
let entries=entriesMap.entries();
console.log(entries.next()); //{ value: [ 'a', 'A' ], done: false }
console.log(entries.next().value); //[ 'b', 'B' ]
console.log(entries.next()); //{ value: undefined, done: true }

values() returns a new Iterator object

let valueMap=new Map();
valueMap.set('a','A');
valueMap.set('b','B');
let values=valueMap.values();
console.log(values.next())  //{ value: 'A', done: false }
console.log(values.next())  //{ value: 'B', done: false }
console.log(values.next())  //{ value: undefined, done: true }

WeakMap object is a collection of key/value pairs, where the keys are weakreferences. The keys must be objects and the values ​​can be arbitrary.

WeakMap only provides 4 methods:

1.delete(key); 根据key删除value
2.get(key);根据key获取value
3.has(key) 根据key检查是不是存在value
4.set(key,value) 根据key设置value

let weakMap=new WeakMap();
weakMap.set('hi','word')  //异常   因为WeakMap的键只能是个对象
let obj1={};
weakMap.set(obj1,'word')  //正常
console.log(weakMap)   //WeakMap {}
console.log(weakMap.get(obj1))  //word
console.log(weakMap.has(obj1))  //true
console.log(weakMap.delete(obj1))  //true

Related recommendations:

Introducing in detail the new features of ES6 - code examples of Map and WeakMap objects in JavaScript

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