This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the use of Ajax asynchronous loading. What are the precautions when using Ajax asynchronous loading? Here are practical cases, let’s take a look.
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, asynchronous JavaScript and XML). It's not a new programming language, but a new way of using existing standards, the art of exchanging data with the server and updating parts of a web page without reloading the entire page.
So, let us enter the world of AJax together.
Basic Syntax
Before learning Ajax, we must clarify our needs, which is to interact with the server asynchronously and update the page without refreshing the page. information. Using Ajax is actually very simple, we just need to follow certain steps.
•Create an Ajax object (the native one needs to determine the type of the current browser)
•Set the callback function (a function triggered after completing the interaction with the server)
•Open the request, and send. (The code writing is slightly different depending on the request method)
•The client obtains feedback data and updates the page
Get the Ajax object
Different browsers Support for Ajax is inconsistent, so we have to treat it differently.
Set the callback function
The purpose of setting the callback function is to obtain the data after Ajax completes the interaction with the server information, added to the page.
Usually we specify the onreadystatechange function as our callback processing function.
Related to the interaction between Ajax and the server, there is the following status information for our reference during the coding process.
.readystate
There are several commonly used values for the loading state:
•0: The request is not initialized
• 1: The server connection has been established
•2: The request has been received
•3: The request is being processed
•4: The request has been completed and the response is ready
.status
The status information of the loading result is:
•200: “OK”
•404: “This page was not found”
Start interaction
When talking about interaction, what comes to mind are the two parties. That is the interaction between our ajax client and server. So we need to clearly understand the location of the request data on the server
open(method,url,async)
The use of url will differ according to the method, which we must be clear about. As for the asynchronous parameter, generally speaking, false can be used for requests with a small amount of data, but it is recommended to use true for asynchronous loading to avoid excessive pressure on the server.
•GET method
This method is very simple, just specify the location of the url on the server. It is very important to understand the red part here. We must specify the URL as the location of the request on the server, usually using an absolute path.
// 对Servlet来说指定其注解上的位置即可
xmlhttp.open("GET","/Test/servlet/AjaxServlet?userinput="+str.value,true);
xmlhttp.send();•POST method
When using the POST method, we need an additional process. For example:
xmlhttp.open("POST","ajax_test.asp",true);
xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 在send方法中指定要传输的参数信息即可
xmlhttp.send("fname=Bill&lname=Gates");Client update page
For Ajax, as the name suggests. Data is transmitted in xml form. But for now, that's no longer the only form. So how do we update the obtained data to the web page? There are two ways:
•If the response from the server is not XML, use the responseText attribute.
document.getElementById("myp").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
•If the response from the server is XML and needs to be parsed as an XML object, use the responseXML attribute:
xmlDoc=xmlhttp.responseXML;
txt="";
x=xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("ARTIST");
for (i=0;i<x.length;i++)
{
txt=txt + x[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue + "<br />";
}
document.getElementById("myp").innerHTML=txt;Example Experience
After understanding these basic syntaxes, we can simply apply them in actual development. In order to better complete this experiment, I first made a simple JavaWeb to handle our Ajax requests.
使用Servlet方式
AjaxServlet.java
package one;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class AjaxServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/AjaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public AjaxServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
String userinput = request.getParameter("userinput");
System.out.println("客户端连接！");
System.out.println("请求信息为：" + userinput);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
if(userinput.equals("") || userinput.length()<6) {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
out.write("<h3>the length of input string must be more than 6!</h3>");
}else{
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
out.println("<h3>Correct!</h3>");
}
out.close();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
* response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Test</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>AjaxServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>one.AjaxServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AjaxServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AjaxServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
ajax.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Ajax测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h2>AJAX Test</h2>
<input type="text" name="userinput" placeholder="用户输入，Ajax方式获得数据" onblur="getResult(this)">
<br>
<span id="ajax_result"></span>
<script>
getResult = function(str){
var httpxml;
if(0 == str.value.length) {
document.getElementById("ajax_result").innerHTML = "Nothing";
}
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(4 == xmlhttp.readyState && 200 == xmlhttp.status) {
document.getElementById("ajax_result").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET","/Test/servlet/AjaxServlet?userinput="+str.value,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</p>
</body>
</html>实验结果
•长度小于6时：
•长度大于等于6：
使用JSP方式
receiveParams.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
//接收参数
String userinput = request.getParameter("userinput");
//控制台输出表单数据看看
System.out.println("userinput =" + userinput);
//检查code的合法性
if (userinput == null || userinput.trim().length() == 0) {
out.println("code can't be null or empty");
} else if (userinput != null && userinput.equals("admin")) {
out.println("code can't be admin");
} else {
out.println("OK");
}
%>ajax.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Ajax测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h2>AJAX Test</h2>
<input type="text" name="userinput" placeholder="用户输入，Ajax方式获得数据" onblur="getResult(this)">
<br>
<span id="ajax_result"></span>
<script>
getResult = function(str){
var httpxml;
if(0 == str.value.length) {
document.getElementById("ajax_result").innerHTML = "Nothing";
}
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(4 == xmlhttp.readyState && 200 == xmlhttp.status) {
document.getElementById("ajax_result").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
//xmlhttp.open("GET","/Test/servlet/AjaxServlet?userinput="+str.value,true);
xmlhttp.open("GET","receiveParams.jsp?userinput="+str.value,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</p>
</body>
</html>效果一致。
JQuery 中的Ajax
前面介绍的是原生的Ajax实现方式，我们需要做的工作还是很多的，而JQuery帮助我们完成了平台无关性的工作，我们只需要专注于业务逻辑的开发即可。直接用jquery的.post或者.get或者.ajax方法，更方便更简单，js代码如下：
•.POST方式
$.post("./newProject",{newProjectName:project_name},
function(data,status){
//alert("data:" + data + "status:" + status);
if(status == "success"){
var nodes = data.getElementsByTagName("project");
//alert(nodes[0].getAttribute("name"));
for(var i = 0;i < nodes.length;i ++){
$("#project_items").append("<option value=\"" + (i+1) + "\">" + nodes[i].getAttribute("name") + "</option>");
}
}
})•.ajax方式
$(function(){
//按钮单击时执行
$("#testAjax").click(function(){
//Ajax调用处理
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "test.php",
data: "name=garfield&age=18",
success: function(data){
$("#myp").html('<h2>'+data+'</h2>');
}
});
});
});•.get方式
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#bt").click(function(){
$.get("mytest/demo/antzone.txt",function(data,status){
alert("Data:"+data+"\nStatus:"+status);
})
})
})总结
今天的演示对于实际开发的过程中，服务器端的用户输入数据验证，或者即时更新页面而又减少网络流量是非常的有必要的。而且用处也很广泛,还能有效的提升用户体验。
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