Detailed explanation of the steps to implement server-side rendering with Nuxt.js

This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the steps to implement server-side rendering with Nuxt.js. What are the precautions for implementing server-side rendering with Nuxt.js? Here are practical cases, let’s take a look.

On October 25, 2016, the team behind zeit.co released a React server-side rendering application framework Next.js

A few hours later, a service based on Vue.js The end-to-end rendering application framework came into being, which is similar to Next.js. This is Nuxt.js

1. Quick template

has been installed With vue-cli, you can quickly create a nuxt project template

vue init nuxt-community/starter-template MyProject

where MyProject is the name of the project folder, which can be customized

Through npm install (it seems to use yarn install is more smooth) After installing the dependencies, you can directly npm run dev in the development environmentStart the project

The default startup address is http://localhost: 3000/, you can add the following configuration in package.json to modify the host port number

 "config": {
  "nuxt": {
   "host": "0.0.0.0",
   "port": "7788"
  }
 },

After the development is completed, execute npm run build to package the code, and finally npm start to start the service

2. Important directories

The generated project directories are as follows

Most folder namesThey are all reserved by nuxt by default and cannot be modified

There are three directories that are critical for price comparison:

1. components component directory

Generally used to store non-page level components, such as header, footer and other public components

The components in this directory have the methods of regular vue components and features, will not be extended by nuxt.js

2. layouts layout directory

You can modify the default in this directory .vue to modify the default layout

<template>
 <p>
  <my-header></my-header>
  <nuxt/>
  <my-footer></my-footer>
 </p>
</template>

where is required, and the main content of the page will be displayed here (similar to the of the root node)

In addition, you can also add error.vue as an error page in the directory . For specific writing methods, please refer to the official documentation

3. pages page directory

Used to store page-level components, nuxt will generate routes based on the page structure in this directory

For example, the page structure in the picture above will generate something like this Routing configuration:

router: {
 routes: [
  {
   name: 'index',
   path: '/',
   component: 'pages/index.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'about',
   path: '/about',
   component: 'pages/about.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'classroom',
   path: '/classroom',
   component: 'pages/classroom.vue',
   children: [
    {
     path: 'student',
     component: 'pages/classroom/student.vue',
     name: 'student'
    },
    { //定义带参数的动态路由，需要创建对应的以下划线作为前缀的 Vue 文件或目录
     path: ':id',
     component: 'pages/classroom/_id.vue',
     name: 'classroom-id'
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

In addition, the vue component in this directory also has some special features provided by Nuxt.js

Among them, the asyncData method is more commonly used and supports asynchronous data Processing

This method will be called before each load of the page component, then obtains the data and returns it to the current component

asyncData ({ params, error }) {
  return axios.get(`api/posts/${params.id}`)
  .then((res) => {
   return { name: res.data.name}
  })
  .catch((e) => {
   error({ statusCode: 404, message: 'not found' })
  })
 }

The first parameter of the asyncData method is the context Object context, specific attributes can be viewed here

Since the asyncData method is called before the component is initialized, there is no way to reference the instance object of the component through this within the method

3. Using plug-ins

If you need to introduce other third-party plug-ins into the project, you can introduce them directly into the page, so that when packaging, The plug-in will be packaged into the js corresponding to the page

But if other pages also introduce the same plug-in, it will be packaged repeatedly. If there is no need for paging packaging, you can configure plugins at this time

Take element-ui as an example. After installing element-ui, create elementUI.js

in the plugins directory.

然后在根目录的 nuxt.config.js 中添加配置项 build.vendor 和 plugins

 build: {
  vendor: ['~/plugins/elementUI.js']
 },
 plugins: [
  {src: '~/plugins/elementUI.js'},
 ]

这里的 plugins 属性用来配置 vue.js 插件，也就是 可以用 Vue.user() 方法 的插件

默认只需要 src 属性，另外还可以配置 ssr: false，让该文件只在客户端被打包引入

如果是像 axios 这种第三方 （不能 use） 插件，只需要在 plugins 目录下创建 axios.js

// axios.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import axios from 'axios'
const service = axios.create({
 baseURL: '/api'
})
Vue.prototype.$ajax = axios
export default service

然后在 build.vendor  中添加配置 （不需要配置 plugins）

build: {
 vendor: ['~/plugins/axios.js']
}

这样在打包的时候，就会把 axios 打包到 vendor.js 中

四、Vuex 状态树

如果在 store 目录下创建了 index.js，nuxt.js 会根据该目录下的文件创建 Vuex 状态树

// store/index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Axios from '~/plugins/axios.js';
Vue.use(Vuex)
const store = () => new Vuex.Store({
 state: {
  author: 'WiseWrong',
  info: ''
 },
 mutations: {
  setInfo (state, val) {
   state.info = val
  }
 },
 actions: {
  loadAboutMeInfo ({commit, state}) {
   return Axios.get(`/about`)
    .then(res => {
     console.log('ajax is success')
     console.log(res.data.info)
     commit('setInfo', res.data.info)
    })
    .catch(err => {
     console.log('error')
    })
  }
 }
})
export default store

Nuxt.js 内置引用了 vuex 模块，不需要额外安装

上面的代码中，我在 actions 中写了一个 loadAboutMeInfo() 方法，用来请求 /api/about 接口

然后在 about.vue 页面中调用

// about.vue 
<template>
 <section class="container">
  <p>
   <img src="~/assets/about.png" alt="">
  </p>
  <h1>{{$store.state.info}}</h1>
 </section>
</template>
<script>
export default {
 fetch({ store }) {
  return store.dispatch('loadAboutMeInfo')
 },
 name: 'about',
 data () {
  return {}
 }
}
</script>

成果演示：

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