Basic content about Nginx

This article mainly introduces the basic content about Nginx, which has certain reference value. Now I share it with everyone. Friends in need can refer to it

Nginx-Basics

1 , Environment:

• System hardware: CPU>=2Core, Memory>=256M

• Operating system: CentOS 7.2 x64

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2. Environment debugging confirmation:

1. Four confirmations

1. Confirm system network

• ping www.baidu.com

Confirm that yum is available

• yum list

Confirm to close iptables rules

• iptables -L (check whether there are iptables rules)

• iptables -F (Close the rules)

• iptables -t nat -L (Check whether there are rules in the net table)

• If there are rules in the net table, they can be executed: iptables -t nat -F

Confirm to disable selinux

• getenforce (Check whether selinux is turned on)

• setenforce 0 (Turn off selinux)

2. Two installations

• Install gcc, etc.:

• ##yum -y install gcc gcc-c autoconf pcre pcre-devel make automake

• Install basic tools:

##yum -y install wget httpd-tools vim

3. One-time initialization

cd /opt;mkdir app download logs work backup
app: code directory
download: source code package downloaded from the Internet
logs: custom log
work: shell script
backup：Backup

3. What is Nginx:

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Nginx is an open source, high-performance and reliable HTTP middleware, proxy service.

4. Nginx advantages:

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IO multiplexing epoll
Lightweight

Few functional modules
Few code modules

CPU affinity )

Bind the CPU core to the Nginx worker process, fix each worker process to execute on one CPU, reduce cache misses when switching CPUs, and obtain better performance .

sendfile

Transmit the file to the user only through kernel space, not through user space

5. Quick installation of Nginx

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Enter the official website http://nginx.org/
Click download
Click Linux packages for stable version

3. ##Modify /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo , and add the content specified by the official website
Note

: baseurl needs to modify the OS and OSRELEASE to your corresponding server version

Directly yum install nginx

1. nginx -v. If the nginx version information appears, the installation is successful!
6. Nginx directory and configuration syntax

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rpm -ql nginx: You can query the files installed by nginx

• Directory

• ##/etc/logrotate.d/nginx: Configuration file, Nginx log rotation, log cutting for logrotate service

• /etc/nginx, /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, /etc/nginx/conf.d, /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf: directory, configuration file, Nginx main configuration file

• /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params, /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params, /etc/nginx/scgi_params: configuration file, cgi configuration related, fastcgi configuration

• /etc/nginx/koi-utf, /etc/nginx/koi-win, /etc/nginx/win-utf: configuration files, encoding conversion mapping conversion files

• /etc/nginx/mime.types: Configuration file, set the corresponding relationship between the Content-Type of the http protocol and the extension

• /usr/lib/systemd/system/ nginx-debug.service, /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service, /etc/sysconfig/negix, /etc/sysconfig/negix-debug: Configuration files to configure the management method of the daemon manager

• /usr/lib64/nginx/modules, /etc/nginx/modules: directory, Nginx module directory

• /usr/sbin/nginx, /usr /sbin/nginx-debug: command, terminal command for startup management of Nginx service

• /var/cache/nginx: directory, Nginx cache directory

• /var/log/nginx: Directory, Nginx log directory

• nginx -V:

• Compilation parameters

• --with-http_stub_status_module

• --with-http_sub_module

• - -with-http_random_index_module

• --with-ld-opt=parameters

• --with-cc-opt=parameters

• --user=nginx

• --group=nginx

• --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp

• --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp

• ##--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var /cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp

##--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
-- http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
--prefix=/etc/nginx
-- sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
--modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
-- conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock

• ##Installation destination directory or path

• Temporary files retained by nginx when executing the corresponding module

• Set the user and user group for nginx process startup

• Settings Additional parameters will be added to the CFLAGS variable

• Set the additional parameters and link the system library

• Randomly select a homepage in the directory

• HTTP content replacement

• Nginx client status
Nginx default configuration syntax
worker_connections: The maximum number of connections allowed per process

• use: The number of worker processes

• user: Set the system user for the nginx service

• worker_processes: The number of worker processes (preferably consistent with the number of cpu)

• error_log : nginx error log

• pid: nginx service startup pid

• events:

7. Nginx log types

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Includes: error.log and access.log

1. Configured through nginx.conf log_format in the file to define the variable format to be recorded to record the log

2. Variables that can be recorded in the log
Nginx built-in

arg_PARAMETER: request parameter

• http_HEADER: request header

• sent_http_HEADER: header returned by the server

HTTP request variable

• Built-in variable

• Custom variables

8. Nginx module

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nginx -tc /etc/nginx/nginx.conf : Check whether the configuration file syntax is correct

nginx -s reload -c /etc/nginx/conf: Restart

http_stub_status_module (display Nginx related information)

Configuration syntax: stub_status

• Default: None

• Context: server, location
random_index_module

Configuration syntax: random_index on|off

• ##Default: random_index off

• Context: location

• http_sub_module

##default: sub_filter_once on

• on: only matches the first one, off: matches globally

• ##default: sub_filter_last_modified off

• default: None

string: The string that needs to be replaced
replacement: replacement String

• sub_filter string replacement

##sub_filter_last_modified on|off

• sub_filter_once on|off
• Note

  : The above Context: http, server, location

limit_conn_module (connection frequency limit)

Configuration syntax: limit_conn zone number
Default: None

• Context: http, server, location
• Configuration syntax: limit_conn_zone key zone=name:size

Default: None

• Context: http
##limit_conn_zone
limit_conn

• limit_req_module (request frequency limit)
Configuration syntax: limit_req zone=name [brust=number] [ nodelay]

Default: None

• Context: http, server, location

Configuration syntax: limit_req_zone key zone=name:size rate=rate
Default: None

• Context: http

limit_req_zone
limit_req

• ##http_access_module (IP-based access Control)

• Configuration syntax: deny address|CIDR (network segment)|unix:|all;

Default: None

• Context: http, server, location, limit_except

• Configuration syntax: allow address|CIDR (network segment)|unix:|all;

• Default: None

• Context: http, server, location, limit_except

• ##allow

##deny

Limitations

: Access through a proxy will be invalid

You can use http_x_forwarded_for
Combined with geo module
Passed through http custom variables

http_auth_basic_module (User-based trust login)

Configuration syntax: auth_basic_user_file filePath
Default: None
Context: http, server, location, limit_except

Configuration syntax: auth_basic string | off;
Default: None
Context: http, server, location, limit_except

auth_basic
auth_basic_user_file

Note

: The format of the file is specified, you can use httpd-tools# to generate the password ##Command:
htpasswd -c filePath username

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