How to use call and apply in JS

This time I will show you how to use call and apply in JS, and what are the precautions for using call and apply in JS. The following is a practical case, let's take a look.

In specific practical applications, the point of this cannot be determined when the function is defined, but is determined when the function is executed. It can be roughly divided into the following three types according to the execution environment:

1. When the function is called as a normal function, this points to the global object

2. When the function is called as a method of the object, this points to the object

3. When the function is used as a constructor When the caller is called, this points to the newly created object

Example 1:

window.name = 'myname';
function getName() {
  console.log(this.name);
}
getName(); //输出myname

Example 2:

var boy = {
  name: 'Bob',
  getName: function() {
    console.log(this.name);
  }
}
boy.getName(); //输出Bob

Example 3:

function Boy(name) {
  this.name = name;
}
var boy1 = new Boy('Bob');
console.log(boy1.name); //输出Bob

For Example 3, there is another special case, that is, when the

constructor returns an object through "return", the value of this operation The final result is this object, not a newly created object, so this is of no use in this case.

Example four:

function Boy(name) {
  this.name = name;
  return { //返回一个对象
    name: 'Jack'
  }
}
var boy1 = new Boy('Bob');
console.log(boy1.name); //输出Jack

Example five:

function Boy(name) {
  this.name = name;
  return 1; //返回非对象
}
var boy1 = new Boy('Bob');
console.log(boy1.name); //输出Bob

The role of call and apply

apply accepts two parameters. The first parameter specifies the pointer of this in the function body. The second parameter is an array or array-like used to pass the number of the called

function. parameter list.

Example 1:

function getInfo() {
  console.log(this.name+' like '+arguments[0]+' and '+arguments[1]);
}
var boy1 = {
  name: 'Bob',
  age: 12
}
getInfo.apply(boy1,['sing','swimming']); //输出Bob like sing and swimming

call The number of parameters passed in is not fixed. The same as apply, the first parameter is also used to specify this in the function body. Pointing to, starting from the second parameter, each parameter is passed into the called function in turn.

Example 2:

function getInfo() {
  console.log(this.name+' like '+arguments[0]+' and '+arguments[1]);
}
var boy1 = {
  name: 'Bob',
  age: 12
}
getInfo.call(boy1,'sing','shopping'); //输出Bob like sing and shopping

In addition, most advanced browsers also implement the bind method. The difference between it and call and apply is that bind only changes this inside the function. points to it, but it won't be executed immediately, you need to call it explicitly.

Example 3: Simulate the browser's bind method

Function.prototype.bind = function(obj){
  var self = this;
  return function(){
    return self.apply(obj,arguments);
  }
};
var obj = {
  name: 'Bob',
  age: 12
};
var func = function(){
  console.log(this.name+' like '+arguments[0]+' and '+arguments[1]);
}.bind(obj);
func('sing','shopping');

The missing this is in In some cases, the pointing of this will be lost. In this case, we need to use call, apply and bind to change the pointing of this.

Example 1: When the "getName" method is called as a property of the "boy" object, this points to the "boy" object. When another variable

references the

"getName" method, because it It is called as an ordinary function, so this points to the global object window

var boy = {
  name: 'Bob',
  getName: function() {
    console.log(this.name);
  }
}
boy.getName(); //输出Bob
var getBoyName = boy.getName;
getBoyName(); //输出undefined

Example 2: Even if the function is defined inside the function, if it is called as an ordinary object, this also points to the window object

var boy1 = {
  name: 'Bob',
  age: 12,
  getInfo: function() {
    console.log(this.name);
    function getAge() {
      console.log(this.age);
    }
    getAge();
  }
}
boy1.getInfo(); //Bob
        //undefined

I believe After reading the case in this article, you have mastered the method. For more exciting information, please pay attention to other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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The above is the detailed content of How to use call and apply in JS. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!