Detailed explanation of Vue's server-side rendering based on Nuxt.js

Directly use Vue to build a front-end single-page application. The page source code only has a few simple lines of HTML, which is not conducive to the SEO of the website. At this time, server-side rendering is required. This article mainly introduces the detailed explanation of Vue based on Nuxt.js Implementing server-side rendering (SSR) has certain reference value. Interested friends can refer to

Directly use Vue to build a front-end single-page application. The page source code only has a few simple lines of HTML. This does not It is not conducive to the SEO of the website, so server-side rendering is required at this time.

On October 25, 2016, the team behind zeit.co released a React server-side rendering application framework Next.js

A few hours later, a server-side rendering application framework based on Vue.js came into being, which is similar to Next.js. This is Nuxt.js

1. Quick template

On the premise that vue-cli has been installed, you can quickly create a nuxt project template

vue init nuxt-community/starter-template MyProject

MyProject Is the name of the project folder, which can be customized

Through npm install (it seems to be smoother with yarn install) After installing the dependencies, you can directly npm run dev in the development environment Start the project

The default startup address is http://localhost:3000/, you can add the following configuration in package.json to modify the host port number

 "config": {
  "nuxt": {
   "host": "0.0.0.0",
   "port": "7788"
  }
 },

After the development is completed, execute npm run build to package the code, and finally npm start to start the service

2. Important directories

The generated project directory is as follows

Most folder namesare reserved by nuxt by default and cannot be modified

Among them, there are three directories that are critical for price comparison:

1. components component directory

is generally used to store non-pages Components at level , such as header, footer and other public components

The components in this directory have the methods and characteristics of regular vue components and will not be extended by nuxt.js

2. layouts layout directory

##You can modify the default.vue in this directory to modify the default layout

<template>
 <p>
  <my-header></my-header>
  <nuxt/>
  <my-footer></my-footer>
 </p>
</template>

Among them is required, the main content of the page will be displayed here (similar to the of the root node)

In addition, you can also Add error.vue as an error page in the directory. For specific writing methods, please refer to the official documentation

3. pages Page directory

Used to store page-level components, nuxt will generate routes based on the page structure in this directory

For example, the page structure in the picture above will generate such a routing configuration:

router: {
 routes: [
  {
   name: 'index',
   path: '/',
   component: 'pages/index.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'about',
   path: '/about',
   component: 'pages/about.vue'
  },
  {
   name: 'classroom',
   path: '/classroom',
   component: 'pages/classroom.vue',
   children: [
    {
     path: 'student',
     component: 'pages/classroom/student.vue',
     name: 'student'
    },
    { //定义带参数的动态路由，需要创建对应的以下划线作为前缀的 Vue 文件或目录
     path: ':id',
     component: 'pages/classroom/_id.vue',
     name: 'classroom-id'
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

In addition, the vue components in this directory also have some special features provided by Nuxt.js

Among them, the

asyncData method is more commonly used and supports asynchronous data processing.

This method will be called before each load of the

page component, then obtains the data and returns it to the current component

asyncData ({ params, error }) {
  return axios.get(`api/posts/${params.id}`)
  .then((res) => {
   return { name: res.data.name}
  })
  .catch((e) => {
   error({ statusCode: 404, message: 'not found' })
  })
 }

The first parameter of the asyncData method is the context object context. The specific properties can be viewed here

Since the asyncData method is called before the component is initialized, there is no way to reference the component through this within the method. Instance object

3. Using plug-ins

If you need to introduce other third-party plug-ins into the project, you can introduce them directly into the page, so When packaging, the plug-in will be packaged into the js corresponding to the page

But if other pages also introduce the same plug-in, it will be packaged repeatedly. If there is no need for paging packaging, you can configure plugins at this time

Take element-ui as an example. After installing element-ui, create elementUI.js in the plugins directory

Then add the configuration items build.vendor and plugins in nuxt.config.js in the root directory

 build: {
  vendor: ['~/plugins/elementUI.js']
 },
 plugins: [
  {src: '~/plugins/elementUI.js'},
 ]

The plugins attribute here is used To configure the vue.js plug-in, that is,

You can use the Vue.user() method of the plug-in

By default, only the src attribute is required. In addition, you can also configure ssr: false to make the file only available in The client is packaged and introduced

If it is a third-party (cannot be used) plug-in like axios, you only need to create axios.js in the plugins directory

// axios.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import axios from 'axios'

const service = axios.create({
 baseURL: '/api'
})

Vue.prototype.$ajax = axios
export default service

然后在 build.vendor 中添加配置 （不需要配置 plugins）

build: {
 vendor: ['~/plugins/axios.js']
}

这样在打包的时候，就会把 axios 打包到 vendor.js 中

四、Vuex 状态树

如果在 store 目录下创建了 index.js，nuxt.js 会根据该目录下的文件创建 Vuex 状态树

// store/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Axios from '~/plugins/axios.js';

Vue.use(Vuex)

const store = () => new Vuex.Store({
 state: {
  author: 'WiseWrong',
  info: ''
 },
 mutations: {
  setInfo (state, val) {
   state.info = val
  }
 },
 actions: {
  loadAboutMeInfo ({commit, state}) {
   return Axios.get(`/about`)
    .then(res => {
     console.log('ajax is success')
     console.log(res.data.info)
     commit('setInfo', res.data.info)
    })
    .catch(err => {
     console.log('error')
    })
  }
 }
})

export default store

Nuxt.js 内置引用了 vuex 模块，不需要额外安装

上面的代码中，我在 actions 中写了一个 loadAboutMeInfo() 方法，用来请求 /api/about 接口

然后在 about.vue 页面中调用

// about.vue 

<template>
 <section class="container">
  <p>
   <img src="~/assets/about.png" alt="">
  </p>
  <h1>{{$store.state.info}}</h1>
 </section>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 fetch({ store }) {
  return store.dispatch(&#39;loadAboutMeInfo&#39;)
 },
 name: &#39;about&#39;,
 data () {
  return {}
 }
}
</script>

成果演示：

上面是我整理给大家的，希望今后会对大家有帮助。

相关文章：

ajax请求之返回数据的顺序问题分析

Ajax异步提交数据返回值的换行问题实例分析

防止重复发送Ajax请求的解决方案

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