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PHP learning record array function

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Release: 2023-03-29 07:50:02
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This article mainly introduces the array function of PHP learning records. The array in PHP is an ordered map. The array can accept any number of key-value pairs separated by commas. The following is a code example for everyone to accept. Friends who are interested can take a look.

Array

The array in php is an ordered mapping , a map is a type that associates values ​​​​to keys. The array can accept any number of key-value pairs separated by commas.

Introduction to arrays

/*
 * php中数组可以分为:
 * 索引数组:下标是数字
 * 关联数组:下标是字符串
 * 注:php中数组其实不区分索引还是关联数组,都是根据键名找到对应的值
 *
 * php可以同时包含integer和string类型的键名
 * key:可以是一个整数integer或者字符串string
 * value:可以是任意类型的值
 *
 * php中的key只能是integer或这string类型,如果使用其他类型会自动转换:
 * 1. 包含有合法整型值的字符串会被自动转换成整型(如'8'会被转换为8,但是'08'不会被转换)
 * 2. 浮点数会被转换成整型,小数部分会被舍去
 * 3. 布尔值会被转换成整型(true转成1,false转成0)
 * 4. NULL会被转换成空字符串,即''
 * 5. 数组和对象不能被用为键名
 *
 * 如果数组定义中多个单元都用了同一个键名,则只会使用最后一个,之前的值都会被覆盖
 * 如果没有指定键名,且键名不都为负数,新添加的元素的键名是已有键名的最大值+1
 * 如果键名都为负数,那么新添加的元素键名从0开始
 *
 */
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Creation of arrays

$arr1 = array(); //创建一个空数组
$arr2 = array(1, 2, 3); //创建一个索引数组
$arr3 = array( //创建一个关联数组
  'a' => 'a_value',
  'b' => 'b_value',
  'c' => 'c_value'
);
$arr4 = []; //[]用法和array()一致,同样可以创建空数组、索引数组、关联数组
$arr4[] = 'a'; //利用[]对数组进行扩展,为数组新添元素
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Automatic conversion of key name type

$arr = array(
  1 => 'a',      //1   键名为integer类型,不会自动转换
  'b' => 'b',     //'b'  键名为string类型,不会自动转换
  '8' => 'c',     //8   包含有合法整型值的字符串会自动转换成整型
  3.5 => 'd',     //3   键名为浮点数类型,会舍去小数,转换成integer类型
  true => 'e',    //1   键名为布尔类型,true转成1,false转成0
  null => 'f',    //''  键名为NULL类型,会转成''
  'g'         //9   没有指定键名,默认为已有最大健名的值+1
);
$arr[] = 'h';      //10  新添加一个健值对,没有指定键名,默认为已有最大健名的值+1
print_r($arr); //printf_r()是数组输出专用函数
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Quickly create through range() and compact()

//range()快速创建下标连续的索引数组
///*
 * range()函数
 * array range(mixed $start, mixed $limit[, number $step=1])
 * 描述:建立一个包含指定范围单元的,且下标连续的索引数组
 * start:序列的第一个值
 * limit:序列结束于limit的值
 * step:如果给出了step的值,它将被作为单元之间的步进值,如果未指定,默认为1
 *
 * 补充:
 * string chr(int $value):将数字作为ASCII转成成字符
 * int ord(string $value):输出字符的ASCII
 */
$arr = range(1, 5);
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5)
$arr = range('a', 'b', 'c');
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => a [1] => b [2] => c)
echo chr(90), "\n"; //Z
echo ord('z'), "\n"; //122
//compact()快速创建关联数组
/*
 * compact()函数
 * array compact(mixed $varname[, mixed $...])
 * 描述:建立一个数组,包括变量名和它们的值
 *
 * 补充:
 * list($var1, $var2...):将数组中的值赋给一些变量
 */
$username = 'zhao';
$age = '22';
$email = 'wangzhao_hb@126.com';
$arr = compact('username', 'age', 'email'); //通过将已有变量名放在函数中快速生成关联数组
//Array([username] => zhao [age] => 22 [email] => wangzhao_hb@126.com)
print_r($arr);
list($a, $b, $c) = array(1, 2, 3);
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echo "The value of a is {$a}, the value of b is {$b}, the value of c is {$c}", "\n"; //The value of a is 1, the value of b is 2 , the value of c is 3

Define a constant array through const and define()

const ARR1 = [1, 2, 3]; //const定义常量数组
print_r(ARR1); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3)
define('ARR2', [1, 2, 3]); //define()定义常量数组
print_r(ARR2); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3)
//运用场景:自定义文件上传错误数组信息
define('CUSTOM_UPLOAD_ERRORS', [
  'ext_error' => '文件扩展名不符合规范',
  'maxsize' => '上传文件大小不符合规范'
]);
//遇到文件上传时扩展名不符合规范的时候,可调用报错
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echo CUSTOM_UPLOAD_ERRORS['ext_error'], "\n"; //The file extension does not comply with the specification

Use of array

/*
 * => 通过键名找到对应的键值
 * 增、删、改、查
 */
//查找:通过键名找到对应的键值
$arr1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
$arr2 = [
  'username' => '王昭',
  'sex' => '男'
];
echo '下标为2的值:', $arr1[2], "\n"; //下标为2的值:c
echo '用户名为:',$arr2['username'], "\n"; //用户名为:王昭
$arr3 = [ //二位数组的查找
  ['id'=>'1001', 'name'=>'张三'],
  ['id'=>'1002', 'name'=>'李四']
];
echo '下标为0的姓名:', $arr3[0]['name'], "\n"; //下标为0的姓名:张三
//添加
$arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
$arr[] = 'd'; //添加元素,不指定键名,键名为数字
$arr['username'] = '王昭'; //添加元素,指定键名,键名为字符串
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d [username] => 王昭)
//修改
$arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'username'=>'王昭'];
$arr['username'] = '张三';
echo $arr['username'], "\n"; //张三
//删除
unset($arr['username']); //删除键名为'username'的键值对
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => a [1] => b [2] => c)
unset($arr[1]);
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => a [2] => c)
unset($arr); //释放数组
//print_r($arr); //输出错误 Notice: Undefined variable
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Convert other types to arrays

/*
 * 如果将一个值转换为数组,将得到一个仅有一个元素的数组,其下标为0,该元素即为此标量的值;
 * 对象可以转换为数组,但是注意尽量避免这样转换,因为会导致一些意想不到的效果。
 * 注意:null转换成数组是空数组[]
 *
 * 临时转换
 * (array)$var
 *
 * 永久转换
 * settype($var, 'array')
 */
$str = 'abc';
$arr = (array)$str;
print_r($arr); //Array([0] => abc)
settype($str, 'array');
print_r($str); //Array([0] => abc)
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Array operator

/*
 * 常用的数组运算符:
 * +:合并数组,如果键名相同,只展示左边数组的键值对
 * ==:比较数组的键名和对应的键值是否相同,如果相同返回true,否则返回false
 * ===:既要比较键名和对应的键值及键值类型是否相同,而且顺序也要相同
 * !=:比较数组的键名和对应的键值是否不相同
 * !==:比较数组的键名和对应的键值和键值类型是否不相同,或者顺序不相同
 * <>:和!=效果一样
 *
 *
 */
$arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
$arr2 = [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;];
$arr3 = [&#39;username&#39;=>&#39;张三&#39;, &#39;age&#39;=>12];
$arr4 = [10=>10, 11=>11];
$arrSum1 = $arr1 + $arr2; //如果键名相同,只会展示左边数组的键值对
$arrSum2 = $arr1 + $arr3; //+与数组是索引数组或者是关联数组无关
$arrSum3 = $arr1 + $arr3 + $arr4; //如果后面的数组的键名和前面的数组的键名重复,不会覆盖,会展示前面数组对应的键值
print_r($arrSum1); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3)
print_r($arrSum2); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [username] => 张三 [age] => 12)
print_r($arrSum3); //Array([0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [username] => 张三 [age] => 12 [10] => 10 [11] => 11)
$arr5 = [&#39;1&#39;=>1, &#39;b&#39;=>2, &#39;c&#39;=>3];
$arr6 = [&#39;b&#39;=>2, &#39;1&#39;=>1, &#39;c&#39;=>3];
$arr7 = [1=>1, &#39;b&#39;=>2, &#39;c&#39;=>3];
var_dump($arr5 == $arr6); //bool(true)
var_dump($arr5 === $arr6); //bool(false)
var_dump($arr5 === $arr7); //bool(true)
var_dump($arr5 != $arr6); //bool(false)
var_dump($arr5 !== $arr6); //bool(true)
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