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php数据库连接_php基础

May 17, 2016 am 09:48 AM

通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。   
PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。   
想获得更多有关在Microsoft  Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识,请查阅以下URL:www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。   
4.1  连接   

if  ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))     
{   
echo  "SUCCESS  !  Connected  to  database\n";   
}     
else     
{   
echo  "Failed  :-(  Could  not  connect  to  database\n";   
}   
Ora_Logoff($conn);   
phpinfo();   
?>   
以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。   

4.2  查询   

假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:   
/*   
*  连接数据库并执行查询   
*/   
function  printoraerr($in_cur)   
{   
//  检查Oracle是否出错   
//  如果存在错误则显示   
//  当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数   
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))   
echo  "Oracle  code  -  ".ora_error($in_cur)."\n";   
return;   
}   
/**  主程序  */   
if  (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))     
{   
echo  "Connection  to  database  failed\n";   
exit;   
}   
echo  "Connected  as  connection  -  $conn
\n";   
echo  "Opening  cursor  ...
\n";   
$cursor=ora_open($conn);  printoraerr($cursor);   
echo  "Opened  cursor  -  $cursor
\n";   
$qry="select  user,sysdate  from  dual";   
echo  "Parsing  the  query  $qry  ...
\n";   
ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0);  printoraerr($cursor);   
echo  "Query  parsed   
\n";   
echo  "Executing  cursor  ...
\n";   
ora_exec($cursor);  printoraerr($cursor);   
echo  "Executed  cursor
\n";   
echo  "Fetching  cursor  ...
\n";   
while(ora_fetch($cursor))   
{   
$user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0);  printoraerr($cursor);   
$sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1);  printoraerr($cursor);   
echo  "  row  =  $user,  $sysdate   
\n";   
}   
echo  "Fetched  all  records
\n";   
echo  "Closing  cursor  ...
\n";   
ora_close($cursor);   
echo  "Closed  cursor
\n";   
echo  "Logging  off  from  oracle...   
\n";   
ora_logoff($conn);   
echo  "Logged  off  from  oracle   
\n";   
?>   
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP  Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)   

4.3  显示结果   

以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:   
function  printoraerr($in_cur,  $conn)   
{   
//  检查Oracle是否出错   
//  如果存在错误则显示   
//  当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数   
//  If  it  encountered  an  error,  we  exit  immediately   
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))     
{   
echo  "Oracle  code  -  ".ora_error($in_cur)."
n";   
ora_logoff($conn);   
exit;   
}   
return;   
}   

function  exequery($w_qry,$conn)     
{   
$cursor=ora_open($conn);  printoraerr($cursor,$conn);   
ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0);  printoraerr($cursor,$conn);   
ora_exec($cursor);  printoraerr($cursor,$conn);   
$numrows=0;   
$w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);   
//  显示头部   
echo  "   

  \n";   
for  ($i=0;$i{   
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";   
echo  "\t  ".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)."  \n";   
}   
echo  "   
\n";   
while(ora_fetch($cursor))   
{   
echo  "  \n";   
for  ($i=0;$i{   
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";   
if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")   
echo  "  ".
ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
  \n";   
else   
echo  "  ".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."  \n";   
printoraerr($cursor,$conn);   
}   
$numrows++;   
echo  "   
\n";   
}   
if  ($numrows==0)   
echo  "  Query  returned  no  records   

\n";   
else     
{   
echo  "  \n";   
echo  "  Count  \n";   
echo  "  $numrows  \n";   
echo  "   
\n";   
}   
echo  "  \n";   
ora_close($cursor);   
return;   
}   

//  主程序   
if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password")))     
{   
echo  "Error:  Cannot  connect  to  database\n";   
exit;   
}   
$qry="SELECT   
deptno  \"Dept\"   
,empno  \"Emp\"   
,empnm  \"Name\"   
,salary  \"Salary\"   
FROM   
employee   
ORDER  BY  1,2";   
exequery($qry);   
ora_logoff($conn);   
?>   
(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP  Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)   

4.4  基于HTTP的Oracle登录   

将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$  SID。   
if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))     
{   
Header("WWW-authenticate:  basic  realm=\"$SID\"");   
Header("HTTP/1.0  401  Unauthorized");   
$title="Login  Instructions";   
echo  "


You  are  not  authorized  to  enter  the  site   

\n";   
exit;   
}     
else     
{   
if  (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW)))     
{   
Header("WWW-authenticate:  basic  realm=\"$SID\"");   
Header("HTTP/1.0  401  Unauthorized");   
$title="Login  Instructions";   
echo  "

You  are  not  authorised  to  enter  the  site   

\n";   
exit;   
}   
}   
?>   

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