PHP template engine Smarty built-in function foreach, foreachelse usage and example analysis-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

PHP template engine Smarty built-in function foreach, foreachelse usage and example analysis

墨辰丷

Release： 2023-03-29 15:58:02

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This article mainly introduces the usage of the built-in functions foreach and foreachelse of the PHP template engine Smarty. It analyzes the functions and specific usage skills of foreach and foreachelse in the form of examples. Friends in need can refer to it

In Smarty In a template, you can use foreach to repeat a block. In the template, an array needs to be allocated from PHP. This array can be a multidimensional array. The {foreach} tag in Smarty is the same as the foreach in PHP, except that one of them is used in the template file and the other is used in the PHP script. Therefore, the syntax will be different. However, they all do the same thing, which is to iterate over the contents of an array. There is also a {foreachelse} tag opposite to the {foreach} tag. The function of the {foreachelse} tag is: if the array is empty, then the content in the tag is executed. {foreach} and {/foreach} must appear in pairs in the template. It has four parameters, of which two parameters from and item are necessary. Please see the following list for its parameters:

##AttributeType Whether it is requiredDefault valueDescription##fromitem##n/akey#stringNostringWe use an example to demonstrate {foreach} and Use of {foreachelse}.


string	Yes		n/aThe name of the array to be looped
string	Yes		The variable name of the currently processed element
		##n/a	Currently processed element The key name	name
No		n/a	The name of the loop, used to access the loop

Example idea: retrieve the content from the database, assign it to an array variable $_html, assign the array variable to the template, and then traverse the array in the template

test.sql (SQL data used)

--
-- 表的结构 `user`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
 `id` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
 `username` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 `email` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 `addTime` datetime NOT NULL default &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=7 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `user`
--
INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `username`, `email`, `addTime`) VALUES
(1, &#39;苍井空&#39;, &#39;canjingkong@sina.com.cn&#39;, &#39;2011-10-24 00:00:00&#39;),
(2, &#39;樱木花道&#39;, &#39;ymhd@163.com&#39;, &#39;2011-10-24 00:00:00&#39;),
(3, &#39;赤木晴子&#39;, &#39;chimiqingzi@yahoo.com,cn&#39;, &#39;2011-10-24 00:00:00&#39;),
(4, &#39;流川枫&#39;, &#39;lcfeng@sina.com&#39;, &#39;0000-00-00 00:00:00&#39;),
(5, &#39;蜡笔小新&#39;, &#39;labixiaoxin@sina.com&#39;, &#39;2011-10-24 00:00:00&#39;),
(6, &#39;金刚葫芦娃&#39;, &#39;jghlw@sina.com&#39;, &#39;2011-10-24 00:00:00&#39;);

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init.inc.php (Template initialization file)

<?php
 define(&#39;ROOT_PATH&#39;, dirname(__FILE__)); //设置网站根目录
 require ROOT_PATH.&#39;/libs/Smarty.class.php&#39;; //加载 Smarty 模板引擎
 $_tpl = new Smarty(); //创建一个实例对象
 $_tpl->template_dir = ROOT_PATH.&#39;/tpl/&#39;; //重新指定模板目录
 $_tpl->compile_dir = ROOT_PATH.&#39;./com/&#39;; //重新指定编译目录
 $_tpl->left_delimiter = &#39;<{&#39;; //重新指定左定界符
 $_tpl->right_delimiter = &#39;}>&#39;; //重新指定右定界符
?>

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index.php (main file)

<?php
 require &#39;init.inc.php&#39;; //引入模板初始化文件
 global $_tpl;
 $_mysqli = new mysqli(); //创建一个 mysqli() 对象
 $_mysqli->connect(&#39;localhost&#39;,&#39;root&#39;,&#39;数据库密码&#39;,&#39;数据库名&#39;); //连接数据库，请您自行设置
 $_mysqli->set_charset(&#39;utf8&#39;); //设置编码
 $_result = $_mysqli->query("select username,email,addTime from user order by id asc");
 $_html = array();
 while (!!$_row=$_result->fetch_assoc()) {
  $_html[] = $_row;
 }
 $_tpl->assign(&#39;data&#39;,$_html); //把数组分配到模板中
 $_tpl->display(&#39;index.tpl&#39;); //引入模板
 $_mysqli->close(); //关闭数据库，释放资源
?>

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tpl/index.tpl (template file of main file index.php)

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>foreach,foreachelse</title>
</head>
<body>
 <table align="center" border="1" width="800">
  <{foreach from=$data item="row" name="ls"}> <!-- 这个foreach 循环分配过来的数组有几行数据 -->
   <!-- 在此，我们做几个保留变量 $smarty.foreach 的操作 -->
   <!-- 当数据显示第一条的时候，第一行的表格背景为黄色，使用属性：first -->
   <!-- 当数据显示最后一条的时候，最后一行的表格背景为蓝色,使用属性：last -->
   <!-- 显示下分配过来的数组的总个数，使用属性：total -->
   <{if $smarty.foreach.ls.first}>
   <tr bgcolor="#FFFF00"> <!-- 第一行背景为黄色 -->
   <{elseif $smarty.foreach.ls.last}>
   <tr bgcolor="#0000FF"> <!-- 最后一行背景为蓝色 -->
   <{else}>
   <tr>
   <{/if}>
    <td><{$smarty.foreach.ls.iteration}></td><!-- 注意：这里是保留变量 $smarty.foreach 的使用，iteration：总是从 1 开始，每执行一次增加 1 -->
    <{foreach from=$row item="col" name="lsin"}> <!-- 这个foreach 循环数组内的内容，显示在表格的<td></td>标签里 -->
     <td><{$col}></td>
    <{/foreach}>
   </tr>
  <{foreachelse}> <!-- 如果分配过来的数组中没有数据，那么就执行下面的操作！ -->
   <tr>
    <td>对不起！暂时没有数据。</td>
   </tr>
  <{/foreach}>
  <tr>
   <td colspan="4" align="center">分配数组的总记录数为：<{$smarty.foreach.ls.total}>条</td>
  </tr>
 </table>
</body>
</html>

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Execution result:

Finally, to summarize, the array $_html passed in the main file index.php is Two-dimensional array. The use of reserved variables $smarty.foreach is based on the name attribute in the {foreach} tag. The reserved variable attributes used are: first (first record), last (last record), iteration (always starts from 1, Each execution increases by 1), total (used to display the number of loop executions)

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