mysql order by rand() efficiency optimization method

Randomly return a piece of data from a query, generally using mysql's order by rand() method to achieve

For example: Randomly from 200,000 users Extract 1 user

mysql> select * from user order by rand() limit 1;
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| id    | phone      | password                         | salt     | country_code | ip        |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| 15160 | 6549721306 | e4f302120c006880a247b652ad0e42f2 | 40343586 | 86           | 127.0.0.1 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.25 sec)mysql> explain select * from user order by rand() limit 1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                           |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+|  1 | SIMPLE      | user  | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 200303 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

According to the analysis results, the operation takes 0.25 seconds, order by rand() needs to use a temporary table(Using temporary), and file sorting needs to be used （Using filesort）, low efficiency.

Improvement method

1. First get the total number of queried records total
2. Randomly offset N records in the total number of records (N=0~total-1)
3. Use limit N,1 to obtain records
The code is as follows:

<?php// 获取总记录数$sqlstr = &#39;select count(*) as recount from user&#39;;$query = mysql_query($sqlstr) or die(mysql_error());$stat = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);$total = $stat[&#39;recount&#39;];// 随机偏移$offset = mt_rand(0, $total-1);// 偏移后查询$sqlstr = &#39;select * from user limit &#39;.$offset.&#39;,1&#39;;$query = mysql_query($sqlstr) or die(mysql_error());$result = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);
print_r($result);?>

Analysis:

mysql> select * from user limit 23541,1;
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| id    | phone      | password                         | salt     | country_code | ip        |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+| 23542 | 3740507464 | c8bc1890de179538d8a49cc211859a46 | 93863419 | 86           | 127.0.0.1 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> explain select * from user limit 23541,1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+|  1 | SIMPLE      | user  | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | 200303 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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