How to use strftime function in php

This article mainly introduces the detailed usage of the php strftime function. The strftime() function formats the local time/date according to the regional settings. Generally, it can be used for time formatting. Friends who need it can refer to it

Definition and Usage

strftime() function formats local time/date according to locale settings.

Syntax

strftime(format,timestamp) Parameter Description
format is optional. Specifies how results are returned.
timestamp Optional.
Tips and Notes
Tip: Same behavior as gmstrftime(), except that the returned time is local time.

Example

Output the results of strftime() and gmstrftime():

<?php教程
echo(strftime("%b %d %Y %X", mktime(20,0,0,12,31,98)));
echo(gmstrftime("%b %d %Y %X", mktime(20,0,0,12,31,98)));

//输出当前日期、时间和时区
echo(gmstrftime("It is %a on %b %d, %Y, %X time zone: %Z",time()));
?>

strftime The () function can convert date strings in the YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format into other forms of strings.
The syntax of strftime() is strftime(format, date/time, modifier, modifier, ...)

It can format dates and times with the following symbols:

##%AThe full name of the day of the week in the current areaSunday to Saturday%dThe day of the month, decimal number (range from 01 to 31) 01 to 31##%e%j%u%wweek%U%V% W月%b%B%h% myear%C##%g2-digit year, conforming to ISO-8601:1988 week number (see %V). Same format and values ​​as %V, except that if the ISO week number belongs to the previous or next year, that year is used. For example: the week of January 6, 2009 is 09.##%Y Four-digit display yearFor example: 2038Time----- -%HDisplay two-digit hours in 24-hour format 00 to 23%IDisplay two-digit hours in 12-hour format01 to 12%l (lowercase 'L') Display hours in 12-hour format, single digits with spaces before them 1 to 12%M Two-digit minutes Numbers 00 to 59%pSpecify the uppercase "AM" or "PM" of the time For example: 00 :31 is AM, 22:23 is PM%PThe lowercase "am" or "pm" of the specified timeFor example: 00 :31 is am, 22:23 is pm%r is the same as "%I:%M:%S %p" For example: 21:34:17 is 09:34:17 PM%R is the same as "%H:%M"For example : 12:35 AM is 00:35, 4:44 PM is 16:44%Stwo digits represent seconds00 To 59##%T%X%z%Z time and date stamp %c%D%F##%sUnix epoch timestamp (same as time() function)For example: September 1979 8:40:00 AM on the 10th is 305815200%x. The preferred time representation in the current region, excluding time . For example: 2009 February 5th is 02/05/09Other------%nLine break ("\n")---%tTab Characters ("\t")---%%Percent characters on text ("%")

这个参数的最大长度是 1023 个字符。

Warning
尽管 ISO 9889:1999（当前的 C 标准）明确指出一周从星期一开始，但是 Sun Solaris 的一周似乎从星期天开始并作为 1。所以 %u 的结果也许不会和手册里描述得一样。

Warning
仅针对 Windows：这个函数里 %e 修饰符修饰符还不能支持 Windows。 为了得到这个值可以用 %#d 修饰符来代替。下例说明了如何写一个跨平台支持的函数。

Warning
仅针对 Mac OS X：这个函数里 %P 修饰符还不能支持 Mac OS X。

timestamp
可选的 timestamp 参数是一个 integer 的 Unix 时间戳，如未指定，参数值默认为当前本地时间。也就是说，其值默认为 time() 的返回值。

strftime()的用法举例如下：

select strftime('%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%S','now','localtime');
结果：2018.06.21 21:41:09
其实更好的用法是这样的,比如统,本月或本年的支出:
select strftime('%Y-%m',日期) as 月份,sum(支出) as 月支出 from 流水帐 group by 月份;

Example #1 strftime() locale examples

<?php
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
echo strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>

Example #2 ISO 8601:1988 week number example

<?php
/*   December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk M  Tu W  Thu F  Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51   16 17 18 19 20 21 22
52   23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1   30 31  1  2  3  4  5
2    6  7  8  9 10 11 12
3   13 14 15 16 17 18 19  */

// Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";



/*   December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M  Tu W  Thu F  Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51   13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52   20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53   27 28 29 30 31  1  2
1    3  4  5  6  7  8  9
2   10 11 12 13 14 15 16  */

// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";

?>

Example #3 Cross platform compatible example using the %e modifier

<?php

// Jan 1: results in: &#39;%e%1%&#39; (%%, e, %%, %e, %%)
$format = &#39;%%e%%%e%%&#39;;

// Check for Windows to find and replace the %e 
// modifier correctly
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) == &#39;WIN&#39;) {
  $format = preg_replace(&#39;#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#&#39;, &#39;\1%#d&#39;, $format);
}

echo strftime($format);
?>

Example #4 Display all known and unknown formats.

<?php
// Describe the formats.
$strftimeFormats = array(
  &#39;A&#39; => &#39;A full textual representation of the day&#39;,
  &#39;B&#39; => &#39;Full month name, based on the locale&#39;,
  &#39;C&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the century (year pided by 100, truncated to an integer)&#39;,
  &#39;D&#39; => &#39;Same as "%m/%d/%y"&#39;,
  &#39;E&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;F&#39; => &#39;Same as "%Y-%m-%d"&#39;,
  &#39;G&#39; => &#39;The full four-digit version of %g&#39;,
  &#39;H&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format&#39;,
  &#39;I&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format&#39;,
  &#39;J&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;K&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;L&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;M&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the minute&#39;,
  &#39;N&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;O&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;P&#39; => &#39;lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time&#39;,
  &#39;Q&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;R&#39; => &#39;Same as "%H:%M"&#39;,
  &#39;S&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the second&#39;,
  &#39;T&#39; => &#39;Same as "%H:%M:%S"&#39;,
  &#39;U&#39; => &#39;Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week&#39;,
  &#39;V&#39; => &#39;ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week&#39;,
  &#39;W&#39; => &#39;A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week&#39;,
  &#39;X&#39; => &#39;Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date&#39;,
  &#39;Y&#39; => &#39;Four digit representation for the year&#39;,
  &#39;Z&#39; => &#39;The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)&#39;,
  &#39;a&#39; => &#39;An abbreviated textual representation of the day&#39;,
  &#39;b&#39; => &#39;Abbreviated month name, based on the locale&#39;,
  &#39;c&#39; => &#39;Preferred date and time stamp based on local&#39;,
  &#39;d&#39; => &#39;Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)&#39;,
  &#39;e&#39; => &#39;Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits&#39;,
  &#39;f&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;g&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)&#39;,
  &#39;h&#39; => &#39;Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b)&#39;,
  &#39;i&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;j&#39; => &#39;Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros&#39;,
  &#39;k&#39; => &#39;Hour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits&#39;,
  &#39;l&#39; => &#39;Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits&#39;,
  &#39;m&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the month&#39;,
  &#39;n&#39; => &#39;A newline character ("\n")&#39;,
  &#39;o&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;p&#39; => &#39;UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time&#39;,
  &#39;q&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;r&#39; => &#39;Same as "%I:%M:%S %p"&#39;,
  &#39;s&#39; => &#39;Unix Epoch Time timestamp&#39;,
  &#39;t&#39; => &#39;A Tab character ("\t")&#39;,
  &#39;u&#39; => &#39;ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week&#39;,
  &#39;v&#39; => &#39;&#39;,
  &#39;w&#39; => &#39;Numeric representation of the day of the week&#39;,
  &#39;x&#39; => &#39;Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time&#39;,
  &#39;y&#39; => &#39;Two digit representation of the year&#39;,
  &#39;z&#39; => &#39;Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)&#39;,
  &#39;%&#39; => &#39;A literal percentage character ("%")&#39;,
);

// Results.
$strftimeValues = array();

// Evaluate the formats whilst suppressing any errors.
foreach($strftimeFormats as $format => $description){
  if (False !== ($value = @strftime("%{$format}"))){
    $strftimeValues[$format] = $value;
  }
}

// Find the longest value.
$maxValueLength = 2 + max(array_map(&#39;strlen&#39;, $strftimeValues));

// Report known formats.
foreach($strftimeValues as $format => $value){
  echo "Known format  : &#39;{$format}&#39; = ", str_pad("&#39;{$value}&#39;", $maxValueLength), " ( {$strftimeFormats[$format]} )\n";
}

// Report unknown formats.
foreach(array_diff_key($strftimeFormats, $strftimeValues) as $format => $description){
  echo "Unknown format : &#39;{$format}&#39;  ", str_pad(&#39; &#39;, $maxValueLength), ($description ? " ( {$description} )" : &#39;&#39;), "\n";
}
?>

下面是其他网友的补充

php strftime()的使用

string strftime ( string format[,inttimestamp = time() ] )

返回用给定的格式字串对给出的 timestamp 进行格式输出后的字符串。如果没有给出时间戳则用当前的本地时间。

Example1:

<?php
echo &#39;本年中的第·&#39; . strftime(&#39;%W&#39;, strtotime(&#39;+2 week midnight -0 second&#39;)) . &#39;·周&#39;;
?>

本年中的第·31·周

Example2:

<?php
echo "現在時間是：" . strftime(&#39;%d.%B %Y %H:%M:%S&#39;, time());
?>

現在時間是：20.July 2015 17:01:26

Example3:

<?php
echo &#39;日期時間格式化為:&#39; . strftime(&#39;%d.%B %Y %H:%M:%S&#39;, strtotime(&#39;2018-10-15&#39;));
?>

日期時間格式化為:15.October 2018 00:00:00

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%a	Abbreviation of the day of the week in the current area	Sun to Sat
The day of the month, decimal number, a digit will be added before Spaces (ranging from '1' to '31') are not implemented as described on Windows. More information below.	1 to 31
The day of the year as a three-digit decimal number with leading zeros (range 001 to 366)	001 to 366
Conforms to the ISO-8601 decimal representation of the day of the week [1,7], 1 represents Monday	1 (Monday) to 7 (Sunday)
The day of the week, Sunday is 0	0 (Sunday) to 6 (Saturday)
---	---
The first week of the year, starting from the first Sunday of the first week as the first day	13 (for the 13th full week of the year)
%V - ISO-8601:1988 format of the week of the year, ranging from 01 to 53, week 1 is the first of the year There are at least 4 days in the week, with Monday as the first day of the week. (Use %G or %g as the year composition of the corresponding week number of the specified timestamp.)	01 to 53 (where 53 accounts for an overlapping week)
The week number of the year, starting from the first Monday of the first week as the first day	46 (for the 46th week of the year beginning with a Monday)
---	---
The abbreviation of the current regional month	Jan to Dec
The full name of the current regional month	January to December
Abbreviation of the month in the current region (alias of %b)	Jan to Dec
Two-digit month	01 (is January) to 12 (is December)
---	---
Two digits display the century (year divided by 100, truncated to integers)	19 is the 20th century
%G	The complete four-digit version of %g	For example: the week of January 3, 2009 is 2008.
%y	Two-digit display year	For example: 09 is 2009, 79 is 1979
is the same as "%H:%M:%S"	For example: 09:34:17 PM is 21 :34:17
The preferred time representation in the current region, excluding the date	For example: 03:59:16 or 15: 59:16
Time zone offset or abbreviation from UTC (determined by the operating system)	For example: Eastern Time is -0500 or EST
%z No time zone offset or abbreviation for UTC given (determined by the operating system)	For example: - 0500 or EST is Eastern Time
---	---
The preferred date and time expression in the current region	For example: February 5, 2009 12:45:10 am is Tue Feb 5 00:45:10 2009
Same as "%m/%d/%y"	For example: February 5, 2009 is 02/05/09
Same as "%Y-%m-%d" (commonly used in database datestamps)	For example: February 5, 2009 is 2009-02-05