A brief analysis of the difference between include and require in PHP-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

This article shares with you the difference between the include and require file functions in PHP. Friends in need can refer to it.

For example, the following code:

include(&#39;hello.php&#39;);
echo &#39;include test final!&#39;;//include报错，但是会继续执行，显示：include test final!
require(&#39;hello.php&#39;);
echo &#39;require test final!&#39;;//require报错，停止代码的执行。

Copy after login

One sentence summary:
1.include() generates a warning
2.require() results in a fatal error

In other words, if you want to stop processing the page when the file is missing, don't hesitate to use require(). This is not the case with include() and the script will continue to run. Also make sure the appropriate include_path is set.
That is to say, the required file is read when the program is parsed again, instead of after parsing, if the required file cannot be read, the next step cannot be taken. Therefore, if the file is not included correctly and will cause the program to be included, it is better to use require. It may be slightly more efficient.

Note: require() will include files anyway, while include() can selectively include:

<?php
 if(FALSE){
   require(&#39;x.php&#39;);
 }
 if(FALSE){
   include(&#39;s.php&#39;);
 }
?>

Copy after login

In the above code: x.php will definitely be included, and s. php will definitely not be included.

The two methods provide different usage flexibility:
require is used such as require("MyRequireFile.php");. This function is usually placed at the front of the PHP program. Before the PHP program is executed, it will first read the file specified by require and make it a part of the PHP program web page.
include uses methods such as include("MyIncludeFile.php");. This function is usually placed in the processing section of flow control. The PHP program web page reads the include file when it reads it. In this way, the process of program execution can be simplified.
1. Usage syntax and introduction

1. include()
Syntax: include(/path/to/filename)
include The () statement will include a file at the location where it is called. Including a file has the effect of copying the specified file's data at the location of the statement.
You can ignore the parentheses when using include().

The include() statement can be executed based on conditions. There is a strange phenomenon when using include() in a conditional statement. It must be surrounded by statement block braces or other statement brackets.

2. include_once()
Syntax: include_once(filename)

The include_once() statement includes and runs the specified file during script execution. This behavior is similar to the include() statement. The only difference is that include_once() will first determine whether the file has been included before. If it has been included, it will ignore this inclusion.
include_once() should be used when you want to ensure that it is only included once to avoid problems such as function redefinition and variable reassignment.

Summary: The include_once() function has the same function as include, but it will first verify whether the file has been included. If it is already included, include_once will no longer be executed. Otherwise, the file must be included. It's exactly the same as include except this.

3. require()
Syntax: require(filename)
require() is largely the same as include, both include a template file into require Call sitting position.
There are two important differences between require and include. First, regardless of the location of require, the specification file will be included in the script where require occurs. For example, even if require is placed in an if statement that evaluates to false, the specified file will still be included.
The second important difference is: when require fails, the script will stop running, while in the case of include, the script will continue to execute.

4. require_once()
Syntax: require_once(filename)
require_once() statement includes and runs the specified file during script execution. This behavior is similar to the require() statement. The only difference is that require_once() will first determine whether the file has been included before. If it has been included, it will ignore this inclusion.
require_once() should be used when you want to ensure that it is only included once to avoid problems such as function redefinition and variable reassignment.

Summary: As the website grows larger, some files may be included repeatedly. This may not be a problem, but if you modify the variables of the included file, they will be overwritten because the original file is included again later, which may not be desired. Another problem that can arise is conflicting function names in included files. These problems can be solved using require_once.
require_once function ensures that the file is included only once. After encountering require_once, subsequent attempts to include the same file will be ignored.

2. Summary of differences

1. The difference between include() and require() statements.
The difference between the two: These two structures are exactly the same except how to handle failure.
include() generates a warning and the script continues.
require() will result in a fatal error and the script will stop running.

In other words, use require() if you want to stop processing the page when a missing file or error is encountered. If you want to continue processing the page when an error is encountered, use include().
Note that before PHP 4.3.5, syntax errors in include files did not cause the program to stop, but from this version onwards they will.

2. The difference between include_once(), require_once() and include(), require()
include_once() is the same as require_once() and should be used when the same file may be included more than once during script execution. In this case, you want to ensure that it is only included once to avoid problems such as function redefinition, variable reassignment, etc. This is the main difference between include_once() and require_once() and include() and require().

3. Issues that need attention

1. Path issues
Especially when nested includes, you must pay attention to the included files path of.
For example, file A contains file B, file B contains file C, and files A, B, and C are not in the same folder. It is often easy to make mistakes at this time.
Solution: You can use the dirname(__FILE__) statement, which means to get the absolute path of the current script. Such as: require_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/config.php');

2. Efficiency issues
include_once(), require_once(), and include(), require () is less efficient because they at least have to first determine whether the file is included. This problem has been greatly improved in the PHP5 version, but there is still a difference in efficiency.

Related recommendations:

The usage scenarios and differences of include_once, require_once, and include and require in php.

The difference between include and require in PHP, phpincluderequire

The above is the detailed content of A brief analysis of the difference between include and require in PHP. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!