


An introduction to three methods for distributing state across components in React
这篇文章给大家介绍的内容是关于React中跨组件分发状态的三种方法介绍,有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以参考一下,希望对你有所帮助。
当我问自己第一百次时,我正在研究一个典型的CRUD屏幕:“我应该将状态保留在这个组件中还是将其移动到父组件?”。
如果需要对子组件的状态进行轻微控制。您可能也遇到了同样的问题。
让我们通过一个简单的例子和三种修复方法来回顾它。前两种方法是常见的做法,第三种方法不太常规。
问题;
为了向您展示我的意思,我将使用一个简单的书籍CRUD(译者注:增加(Create)、读取查询(Retrieve)、更新(Update)和删除(Delete))屏幕(如此简单,它没有创建和删除操作)。
我们有三个组成部分。
那么,我们的状态是什么?好吧,
import React, { Component } from "react"; import { render } from "react-dom"; const books = [ { title: "The End of Eternity", author: "Isaac Asimov" }, //... ]; const BookList = ({ books, onEdit }) => (
Book Title | Actions |
---|---|
{book.title} |
在codesandbox尝试一下
看起来不错,但是他不起作用。
我们正在创建组件实例时初始化
我们改如何修复它?
方法1:受控组件
一种常见的方法是将状态提升,将
//... class BookForm extends Component { render() { if (!this.props.book) return null; return ( <form> <h3 id="Book">Book</h3> <label> Title: <input value={this.props.book.title} onChange={e => this.props.onChange({ ...this.props.book, title: e.target.value })} /> </label> <label> Author: <input value={this.props.book.author} onChange={e => this.props.onChange({ ...this.props.book, author: e.target.value })} /> </label> <button onClick={() => this.props.onSave()}>Save</button> </form> ); } } class BookApp extends Component { state = { books: books, activeBook: null, activeIndex: -1 }; render() { const { books, activeBook, activeIndex } = this.state; return ( <div> <BookList books={books} onEdit={index => this.setState({ activeBook: { ...books[index] }, activeIndex: index })} /> <BookForm book={activeBook} onChange={book => this.setState({ activeBook: book })} onSave={() => this.setState({ books: Object.assign([...books], { [activeIndex]: activeBook }), activeBook: null, activeIndex: -1 })} /> </div> ); } } //...
方法2:同步state
现在它可以工作,但对我来说,提升
在codesandbox尝试一下
现在它可以工作,但对我来说,提升
//... class BookForm extends Component { state = { ...this.props.book }; componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) { const nextBook = nextProps.book; if (this.props.book !== nextBook) { this.setState({ ...nextBook }); } } render() { if (!this.props.book) return null; return ( <form> <h3 id="Book">Book</h3> <label> Title: <input value={this.state.title} onChange={e => this.setState({ title: e.target.value })} /> </label> <label> Author: <input value={this.state.author} onChange={e => this.setState({ author: e.target.value })} /> </label> <button onClick={() => this.props.onSave({ ...this.state })}> Save </button> </form> ); } } //...
在codesandbox尝试一下
这种方法通常被认为是一种不好的做法,因为它违背了React关于拥有单一事实来源的想法。我不确定是这种情况,然而,同步状态并不总是那么容易。此外,我尽量避免使用生命周期方法。
方法3:由Key控制的组件
但为什么我们要回收旧的状态呢?每次用户选择一本书时,拥有一个全新状态的新实例是不是有意义?
为此,我们需要告诉React停止使用旧实例并创建一个新实例。这就是key prop的用途。
//... class BookApp extends Component { state = { books: books, activeIndex: -1 }; render() { const { books, activeIndex } = this.state; const activeBook = books[activeIndex]; return ( <div> <BookList books={books} onEdit={index => this.setState({ activeIndex: index })} /> <BookForm key={activeIndex} book={activeBook} onSave={book => this.setState({ books: Object.assign([...books], { [activeIndex]: book }), activeIndex: -1 })} /> </div> ); } } //...
在codesandbox尝试一下。
如果元素具有与上一个渲染不同的键,则React会为其创建一个新实例。因此,当用户选择新书时,
相关文章推荐:
React-JSX中如何实现Class与Style的动态绑定(附实例)
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