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Home Database Mysql Tutorial What is the fragmentation of IP layer during UDP transmission?

What is the fragmentation of IP layer during UDP transmission?

坏嘻嘻
坏嘻嘻
Sep 14, 2018 am 09:41 AM

我们知道，当应用层程序之间进行网络数据传输时，在发送端，数据会从应用层沿着协议栈向下传输，通过TCP/IP层，然后经由链路层发送出去，而在接收端，则是相反的顺序，数据经由链路层接收，然后沿着协议栈向上传输，通过IP/TCP层，最后由应用层程序进行读取。

先来看程序, 服务端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
int main()
{
    struct sockaddr_in srvAddr;
    bzero(&srvAddr,sizeof(srvAddr));
    srvAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srvAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    srvAddr.sin_port = htons(8765);
    int srvAddrLen = sizeof(srvAddr);
 
    int iSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);  // udp
    bind(iSock, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
 
    while(1)
    {
		getchar();
		char szBuf[50001] = {0};
        recvfrom(iSock, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, (socklen_t*)&srvAddrLen);
        printf("msg from client [%s]\n", szBuf);
    }
 
    close(iSock);
    return 0;
}
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客户端：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct sockaddr_in srvAddr;
    bzero(&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
    srvAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srvAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("10.100.70.140");
    srvAddr.sin_port = htons(8765);
 
    int iSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); // udp
	#define N 2000
	char szBuf[N] = {0};
	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < N; i++) //字符数组最后一个字符不要求是‘\0’
	{
		szBuf[i] = &#39;a&#39;;	
	}
	
    int iRet = sendto(iSock, szBuf, sizeof(szBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&srvAddr, sizeof(srvAddr));
	printf("send size is %d, iRet is %d, errmsg[%s]\n", sizeof(szBuf), iRet, strerror(errno));
    
	close(iSock);
    return 0;
}
Copy after login

我们在服务端抓包， 结果为：

xxxxxx$ sudo tcpdump -iany src host 10.100.70.139 -Xnlps0
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes
00:13:57.187159 IP 10.100.70.139.46671 > 10.100.70.140.ultraseek-http: UDP, length 2000
        0x0000:  4500 05dc 0510 2000 4011 ae22 0a64 468b  E.......@..".dF.
        0x0010:  0a64 468c b64f 223d 07d8 116e 6161 6161  .dF..O"=...naaaa
        0x0020:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0030:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0040:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0050:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0060:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0070:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0080:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0090:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0100:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0110:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0120:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0130:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0140:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0150:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0160:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0170:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0180:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0190:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0200:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0210:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0220:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0230:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0240:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0250:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0260:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0270:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0280:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0290:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x02f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0300:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0310:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0320:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0330:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0340:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0350:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0360:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0370:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0380:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0390:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x03f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0400:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0410:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0420:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0430:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0440:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0450:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0460:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0470:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0480:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0490:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x04f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0500:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0510:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0520:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0530:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0540:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0550:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0560:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0570:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0580:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0590:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x05d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 0000 0000  aaaaaaaaaaaa....
        0x05e0:  0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000            ............
00:13:57.187161 IP 10.100.70.139 > 10.100.70.140: ip-proto-17
        0x0000:  4500 0224 0510 00b9 4011 d121 0a64 468b  E..$....@..!.dF.
        0x0010:  0a64 468c 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  .dF.aaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0020:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0030:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0040:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0050:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0060:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0070:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0080:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0090:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x00f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0100:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0110:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0120:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0130:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0140:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0150:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0160:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0170:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0180:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0190:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01a0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01b0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01c0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01d0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01e0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x01f0:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0200:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0210:  6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161 6161  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
        0x0220:  6161 6161 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  aaaa............
        0x0230:  0000 0000                                ....
Copy after login

 

  我们发现， 有两个IP包， 为什么会这样呢？ 受到MTU的限制， IP包长度限制在1500字节， 我们看第一个包， 刚好就是1500字节， 第二个包刚好就是剩余的信息， 这就是IP分片（只针对UDP）的原因和原理。 而且要注意到， 第二个IP包是IP头+data, 并没有UDP头信息（更无端口信息可言）， 所以， 如果抓包的时候， 采用端口过滤， 那么后面这个包肯定就丢了。 这个大坑， 好多人遇到过。

  相关推荐：

Nodejs实现的一个简单udp广播服务器、客户端_node.js

 

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