Programmers must master 59 commonly used Linux commands-Linux Operation and Maintenance-php.cn

The content of this article is about 58 commonly used commands in Linux. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

Quick start terminal: ctr alt t
Enlarge terminal font: ctr shift ' '
Terminal font reduction: ctr '-'
ls: View the file information of the current directory
pwd: View the path of the current directory
touch: Create file
mkdir: Create folder
rmdir: Delete empty folder
rm: Files are deleted by default. -r means to recursively delete all file information in the folder and finally delete the folder
cd Switch directory 10.1 cd directory name: Switch to the specified directory 10.2 cd ..: Switch to the upper level directory 10.3 cd .: Switch to the current directory 10.4 cd ~: Switch to the user's working directory 10.5 cd -=> cd ~ : Switch to the user's working directory 10.6 cd -: Switch to the last directory
clear :Clear screen->window : cls
Absolute path: The path starting from the root directory is called an absolute path -> cd /home/python
Relative path: The path starting from the current directory is called a relative path -> cd ../test cd ./test
Summary on the use of absolute paths and relative paths: If the directory being switched is close to the root directory, use the absolute path. If the directory being switched is close to the current directory, use the relative path. , if the directory being switched is not close to the current directory and the root directory, use the absolute path
cp: copy 15.1 cp file name path: copy the file to the specified directory 15.2 cp file name Path/new file name: Copy the file to the specified path and then modify it to the new file name 15.3 cp file name new file name: Copy the file to the current directory and modify it to the new file name 15.3 cp Folder path -r : Copy the folder to the specified path -r: Copy all the files in the folder recursively
mv: Move (cut) 16.1 mv file name path : Move the file to the specified directory 16.2 mv file name path/new file name: Move the file to the specified path and modify it to the new file name 16.3 mv file name new file name: Rename the 16.4 mv folder path: Move the folder to the specified path
tree: View directory information in the form of a directory tree 17.1 tree path: View directory tree information in the specified path
cal: View the current month calendar 18.1 cal -y: View the full year calendar information
date: View the current time 19.1 Time format: date " %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S": Year, month, day and ten seconds
history: View historical command 20.1! Historical command number: Execute the corresponding historical command
Command format: 21.1 Command name options parameters, prompt options can sometimes be placed after the parameters, but if an error is reported, you can consider placing them after the command, such as: scp -r 21.2 Options: For example: -r, The options may have 0 or more 21.3 Parameters: file name or path, the parameters may have 0 or more
Command name --help: View help information
man Command name: View help information 23.1 f Space: View next page 23.2 b: View previous page 23.3 Enter: View next line 23.4 q: Exit
rm: Option 24.1 -i: Reminder before deletion 24.2 -r: Recursively delete all file information in the folder 24.3 -f: If the file does not exist, no error message is displayed when deleting 24.4 -v: Display deletion description information 24.5 -d: Delete empty directory
ls option 25.1 -l: Display in list form 25.2 -a: Display hidden files 25.3 - h: Display file size unit
##ll -> ls -al
l -> ls
mkdir options: 28.1 -p: Create the required folders in advance
cp options 29.1 -i: Display reminder 29.2 -r: Recursively Copy the folder 29.3 -f: Direct overwrite 29.4 -v: Display the copied path description
mv options: 30.1 -i: Display reminder 30.2 -f: Direct overwrite 30.3 -v: Display the moved path description
Redirection (>,>>): Rewrite the specified display direction, save the data displayed on the terminal to a file, and view the data later View through files 31.1 >: If the file exists, the original data will be cleared first and then new data will be written, which is equivalent to file operation: w 31.2 >>: If the file exists, then it will be performed based on the original data. Append writing data is equivalent to file operation: a Summary: ls, tree, cat collection redirection uses
gedit: command of text editing tool, readable and writable
cat: View the data in the file in the terminal, read-only
more: Split screen display 34.1 f (space): See the next page 34.2 b: Look at the previous page 34.3 Enter: Look at the next line 34.4 q: Exit
| Pipeline: Can be understood as a container for data 35.1 Note: You cannot look at the previous page when using the pipe in combination with more Page: b shortcut key does not work 35.2 ls, tree cat can be used in combination with pipes
File merging 36.1 cat 1.txt 2.txt > 3.txt
Link: Soft link: Just like a shortcut, note: deleting the original file soft link is invalid, creating a soft link will not increase the number of hard links by 1, you can create a soft link in a directory. Very important note Point: If the soft link is not in the same directory as the original file, then the original file needs to use the absolute path of the soft link: ln -s 1.txt 1-s.txt, ln -s /home/python/Desktop/AAA /1.txt ../1-s.txt By default, search
in the current directory

Hard link: Just like a person can have multiple names, deleting the original file will not affect the hard link file. File data can still be obtained using hard link files. Note: Hard links cannot be created for directories. Creating a hard link can only be created for files. Creating a hard link will increase the number of hard links by 1. Use of hard links: ln 1.txt 1-h.txt
grep: Find data based on search content 38.1 -n: Display line number 38.2 -v: Negate based on search content 38.3 -i: Ignore case
find: Search for files based on the specified path 39.1 -name: Search based on the file name 39.2 -size: Search based on the file size, please note that it is not accurate and generally not used 39.3 -perm: Search based on permissions r:4 w:2 x:1 find . -name "*.txt" -> Search for files with .txt suffix. Wildcard: plays the role of fuzzy query, * means matching 0 or more characters, ?: can only match any character, Tip: Wildcards have nothing to do with regular expressions
ls. Use it in combination with wildcards. For example: ls *.txt
##tar to package 41.1 tar -cvf test .tar *.txt -> test.tar package, please note that the space will not become smaller because it is not compressed
gzip compression 42.1 gzip test.tar -> test.tar.gz Compressed package, the space will become smaller
tar packaging and compression (must master) 43.1 tar -zcvf test.tar.gz *.txt -> test.tar.gz compressed package 43.2 -z: Compression -c: Packaging -v: Display the packaged file f: Specify the file name
gzip Decompress 44.1 gzip -d test.tar.gz -> test.tar package
tar Unpack 45.1 tar -xvf test.tar -> Files in the package 45.2 -x: Unpack
tar Unpack and unpacking (must master) 46.1 tar -zxvf test.tar.gz -> Decompress and unpack the file 46.2 tar -zxvf test.tar.gz -C path -> Decompress and unpack the compressed package to the specified path
bz2 Pack and compress -jcvf test.bz2 *.txt -> test.bz2
bz2 Unzip and unpack 48.1 tar -jxvf test.bz2 -> Get the file 48.2 in the compressed package tar -jxvf test.bz2 -C path -> Decompress and unpack the compressed file to the specified path
zip packaging and compression 49.1 zip test[.zip optional] *.txt -> test.zip
unzip decompression and unpacking 50.1 unzip test.zip -> get the solution Compressed and unpacked files 50.2 unzip test.zip -d path -> Decompress and unpack to the specified path 50.3 Summary: zip compressed packages take up the largest space, and generally use .gz and bz2
chmod: Modify file permissions 51.1 User role: u: Current user g: User in the same group o: Other users a: All users 51.2 Permissions: r(4): Readable w(2): Writable x( 1): Executable - (0): No permission 51.3 chmod a=rwx 1.txt, chmod a=- 1.txt, chmod a= 1.txt, chmod 777 1.txt chmod 000 1.txt 51.4 Different users are different Permissions: chmod u=r,g=w,r=rwx 1.txt, chmod 427 1.txt
cp option-a: retain file permissions, mainly for other users Permissions, Tip: -a contains the -r option, you can also copy the folder
which: Get the path of the command
sudo -s: Switch to the administrator user
whoami: current user
who: those users currently logged in
passwd:Change password
exit:Exit account

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