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A simple understanding of generators under PHP (code analysis)

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Release: 2023-04-04 09:02:01
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This article brings you a simple understanding of the generator under PHP (code analysis). It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

Generator class

# http://php.net/manual/zh/class.generator.php
Generator implements Iterator {
    /* Methods */
    //获取迭代器当前值
    public mixed current ( void )
    //获取迭代器当前值
    public mixed getReturn ( void )
    //返回当前产生的键
    public mixed key ( void )
    //生成器从上一次yield处继续执行
    public void next ( void )
    //重置迭代器
    public void rewind ( void )
    //向生成器中传入一个值
    public mixed send ( mixed $value )
    //向生成器中抛入一个异常
    public mixed throw ( Throwable $exception )
    //检查迭代器是否被关闭
    public bool valid ( void )
    //迭代器序列化时执行的方法
    public void __wakeup ( void )
}
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Generate generator

Try to instantiate the class

$gen = new Generator();

# 我们发现不能直接手动实例化
# output
PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught Error: The "Generator" class is reserved for internal use and cannot be manually instantiated in /web/www/sxx_admin3/src/cache/test/amphp/gen3.php:8
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Try the function method

function gen($max)
{
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        yield $i;
    }
}

$gen = gen(5);

# success
# 成功,我们只需要在普通函数方法里yield即可成了生成器
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Understand the generation of php Generator

In fact, each language has a generator, such as python, go, etc.

Generator iteration foreach

The code will demonstrate valid, getReturn

function gen($max)
{
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        yield $i;
    }
    
    return $max;
}

$gen = gen(5);

foreach ($gen as $val) {
     var_dump($val);
}

//如果已经迭代完成,获取返回值
// php7 支持
// valid 判断当前迭代器是否迭代完成
// getReturn 返回迭代器的返回值
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, &#39;7.0.0&#39;) >= 0 && !$gen->valid()) {
    var_dump($gen->getReturn());
}
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Generator iteration with key value foreach

The iterator return value can have key and value, similar to

function gen($max)
{
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        yield $i => $i+1;
    }
    
    return $max;
}

$gen = gen(5);

//var_dump($gen->key());
//var_dump($gen->current());

foreach ($gen as $key=>$val) {
     var_dump($key . "=>" . $val);
}

# output
string(4) "0=>1"
string(4) "1=>2"
string(4) "2=>3"
string(4) "3=>4"
string(4) "4=>5"
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Generator iteration manual iteration

This code will demonstrate rewind, next , send method

function gen($max)
{
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        // 此处的(yield $i)在php7以后版本可省略
        $res = (yield $i);
        var_dump($res);
    }

    return $max;
}

$gen = gen(10);

// 可不调用,隐式调用
// 如果迭代开始后不能再rewind(即使用了next或send后)
$gen->rewind();

// 打印获取到当前生成器的值
var_dump("1::" . $gen->current()); //output: string(4) "1::0"

// 下面2句代码执行,将返回错误
// $gen->next();
// $gen->rewind();

//继续执行,知道遇到下一个yield
$gen->next();
var_dump("2::" . $gen->current()); //output: string(4) "2::1"
$gen->next();
var_dump("3::" . $gen->current()); //output: string(4) "3::2"

// send传null值等同于调用next(本方法尝试来自python的迭代器,成功)
$gen->send(null);
var_dump("4::" . $gen->current()); //output: string(4) "4::3"

// send传值会也会继续执行
$gen->send(100);
var_dump("5::" . $gen->current()); //output: string(4) "5::4"


//如果已经迭代完成,获取返回值
// php7 支持
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '7.0.0') >= 0 && !$gen->valid()) {
    var_dump($gen->getReturn());
}

# output:
string(4) "1::0"
NULL
string(4) "2::1"
NULL
string(4) "3::2"
NULL
string(4) "4::3"
int(100)
string(4) "5::4"

# 我们先不去理会gen里var_dump输出的NULL或int(100)
# 我们先去理解每次next后current可以获取到当前yield的值即可
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Try to understand send output

function gen($max)
{
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        $res = (yield $i);
        var_dump($res);
    }

    return $max;
}

$gen = gen(10);

var_dump("1::" . $gen->current());

$gen->send(222);
var_dump("2::" . $gen->current());

$gen->send(333);
var_dump("3::" . $gen->current());

$gen->send(null);
var_dump("4::" . $gen->current());


# output:
string(4) "1::0"
int(222)
string(4) "2::1"
int(333)
string(4) "3::2"
int(444)
string(4) "4::3"

# send和next
# next() => current = yield值
# send(val) $rs = yield 表达式执行 = val; //send这样理解即可
# 在当前某个yield处时send,当前yield表达式处返回,如果没有变量接收,那么继续下一个yield处返回
$rs = (yield  somethind_to_do(...) );
 ^           |-------------------|
 |                  yield值
 |    |----------------------------|
 |               yield 表达式
yield表达式结果


# 执行顺序流程类似
$res = (yield 1);   // <- var_dump("1::" . $gen->current()); 第一步到yield返回

var_dump($res);     // <- $gen->send(222); 第二步send:222后,继续往下走$res=222 然后var_dump($res), 然后到了yield 2
$res = (yield 2);   // <- var_dump("2::" . $gen->current());  打印当前的值2

var_dump($res);     // <- $gen->send(333); 第三步send:333后,继续往下走$res=333 然后var_dump($res), 然后到了yield 3
$res = (yield 3);   // <- var_dump("3::" . $gen->current());

var_dump($res);     // <- $gen->send(null); 第二步send:null后,继续往下走$res=null 然后var_dump($res), 然后到了yield 4
$res = (yield 4);   // <- var_dump("4::" . $gen->current());
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Summary

For first introduction, we only need to understand next and send first
next-> Let us Active automatic execution of iterators
send-> allows our iterators to achieve two-way communication and change the order of the execution body process
We will introduce usage scenarios and Co automatic execution bodies later

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source:segmentfault.com
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