Summary of calculations of units in CSS (code example)
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CSS unit summary
Public part css
body { background-color: #000; color: skyblue; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body>div>div { border: 1px solid cyan; padding: 10px; margin: 10px; font-weight: bolder; } .s { background-color: #ddd; margin: 10px; white-space: nowrap; color: yellowgreen; }
Length
px
Pixels, absolute units at the same screen resolution. When the screen resolutions are different, the pixels are scaled proportionally.
/* list1 */ #length .list1s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; } #length .list1s2 { width: 50px; height: 50px; }
<div> <p>px</p> <p>像素,同一屏幕分辨率下是绝对单位。屏幕分辨率不同时,像素等比缩放。</p> <div>100px X 100px</div> <div>50px X 50px</div> </div>
em
Relative unit, relative to the font size of the parent element
If the parent element font- size is 20px, then 2em is 40px
em can be accurate to 3 decimal places
/* list2 */ #length .list2fa1 { font-size: 18px; } #length .list2fa2 { font-size: 22px; } #length .list2s1 { width: 5em; height: 5em; } #length .list2s2 { width: 5em; height: 5em; }
<div> <p>em</p> <p>相对单位,相对于父元素的字体大小</p> <p>如果父元素font-size是20px,那么2em就是40px</p> <p>em可精确到小数点后3位</p> <div> <div>5em X 5em</div> </div> <div> <div>5em X 5em</div> </div> </div>
rem
Relative unit, relative to the font size of html
/* list3 */ #length .list3s1 { width: 5rem; height: 5rem; }
<div> <p>rem</p> <p>相对单位,相对于html的字体大小</p> <div>5rem X 5rem</div> </div>
- Relative unit, relative to The height of the character, usually half the font height
- If the text height is not set, it is relative to the browser font size height
/* list4 */ #length .list4s1 { width: 10ex; height: 1ex; } #length .list4s2 { width: 10ex; height: 2ex; } #length .list4fa3 { font-size: 20px; } #length .list4s3 { width: 10ex; height: 2ex; }
<div> <p>ex</p> <p>相对单位,相对于字符的高度,通常为字体高度的一半</p> <p>如果文字高度未设置,则相对于浏览器字体大小高度</p> <div> <div>10ex X 1ex</div> </div> <div> <div>10ex X 2ex</div> </div> <div> <div>10ex X 2ex</div> </div> </div>
- Relative unit, width of number
/* list5 */ #length .list5s1 { width: 3ch; } #length .list5s2 { width: 3ch; } #length .list5fa2 { font-size: 20px; } #length .list5s3 { width: 3ch; }
- Relative unit
- The viewport is divided into 100 vw horizontally, It is divided into 100 vh vertically
- For PC, the viewport is the visible area of the browser
- For mobile , regardless of horizontal or vertical screen, vw always represents the horizontal width, vh always represents the vertical width
<div> <p>ch</p> <p>相对单位,数字的宽度</p> <div> <div>111</div> <div>111111</div> </div> <div> <div>111</div> </div> </div>
/* list6 */ #length .list6s1 { width: 10vw; height: 10vh; }
- Relative unit
- The smaller of the width and height of the viewport is 100vmin
- The larger of the width and height of the viewport is 100vmax
<div> <p>vw/vh</p> <p>相对单位</p> <p>视口横向被分割成100个vw,纵向被分割成100个vh</p> <p>对于PC端来说,视口是浏览器可视区域</p> <p>对于移动端来说,不论横屏还是竖屏,vw始终表示横向宽度,vh始终表示纵向宽度</p> <div>10vw X 10vh</div> </div>
/* list7 */ #length .list7s1 { width: 10vmin; height: 10vmin; } #length .list7s2 { width: 10vmax; height: 10vmax; }
##cm/mm/q
- Absolute unit, centimeter cm, millimeter unit mm, 1/4 mm q
-
rrree
<div> <p>vmin/vmax</p> <p>相对单位</p> <p>视口的宽度和高度中比较小的为100vmin</p> <p>视口的宽度和高度中比较大的为100vmax</p> <div>10vmin X 10vmin</div> <div>10vmax X 10vmax</div> </div>
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in
- Absolute units, inches in
-
/* list8 */ #length .list8s1 { width: 3cm; height: 3cm; } #length .list8s2 { width: 30mm; height: 30mm; } #length .list8s3 { width: 120q; height: 120q; }
Copy after login<div> <p>cm/mm/q</p> <p>绝对单位,厘米cm,毫米单位mm,1/4毫米q</p> <div>3cm X 3cm</div> <div>30mm X 30mm</div> <div>120q X 120q</div> </div>
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##pt/pc
-
/* list9 */ #length .list9s1 { width: 10in; height: 10in; }
Copy after login<div> <p>in</p> <p>绝对单位,英寸in</p> <div>10in X 10in</div> </div>
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%
- Relative value, percentage, relative to parent element
-
/* list10 */ #length .list10s1 { width: 5pt; height: 5pt; } #length .list10s2 { width: 50pt; height: 50pt; } #length .list10s3 { width: 5pc; height: 5pc; }
Copy after login<div> <p>pt/pc</p> <p>绝对单位,点pt,派卡pc</p> <div>5pt X 5pt</div> <div>50pt X 50pt</div> <div>5pc X 5pc</div> </div>
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angle
- Degree deg, gradient grad, radian rad , turn
- A circle 360deg, 400grad, 2πrad, 1turn
-
/* list11 */ #length .list11f1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; } #length .list11s1 { width: 80%; height: 70%; } #length .list11f2 { width: 80px; height: 70px; } #length .list11s2 { width: 80%; height: 70%; }
Copy after login<div> <p>%</p> <p>相对数值,百分比,相对父元素</p> <div> <div>80% X 70%</div> </div> <div> <div>80% X 70%</div> </div> </div>
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Time
- Seconds, milliseconds ms
- is used to set Determine animation execution time
频率
Hz/kHz
用于设定声音元素频率
布局
fr
用于分配一定长度内的剩余空间
/* list1 */ #layout-specific .list1fa1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr; } #layout-specific .list1fa1 p { border: 5px solid skyblue; }
<div> <p>fr</p> <p>用于分配一定长度内的剩余空间</p> <div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> </div> </div>
分辨率
dpi/dpcm/dppx
每英寸包含点的数量dpi
每厘米包含点的数量dpcm
每像素包含点的数量dppx
颜色
color name
使用颜色关键字指定颜色
/* list1 */ #color .list1s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: darkseagreen; } #color .list1s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: salmon; }
<div> <p>color name</p> <p>使用颜色关键字指定颜色</p> <div>darkseagreen</div> <div>salmon</div> </div>
HEX
使用十六进制整数指定颜色
/* list2 */ #color .list2s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #f1d2b3; } #color .list2s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #a3c2e1; }
<div> <p>HEX</p> <p>使用十六进制整数指定颜色</p> <div>#f1d2b3</div> <div>#a3c2e1</div> </div>
RGB
R:red;G:green;B:blue;
颜色的比例指定颜色
值在0到255之间
/* list3 */ #color .list3s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: rgb(111,222,123); } #color .list3s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: rgb(0,1,2); }
<div> <p>RGB</p> <p>R:red;G:green;B:blue;</p> <p>颜色的比例指定颜色</p> <p>值在0到255之间</p> <div>rgb(111,222,123)</div> <div>rgb(0,1,2)</div> </div>
RGBA
R:red;G:green;B:blue;A:alpha;
颜色的比例指定颜色,alpna指定透明度
值在0到255之间,alpha的值在0到1之间,0.2可以用.2表示
/* list4 */ #color .list4s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: rgba(111,222,123,0.2); } #color .list4s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: rgba(111,222,123,.2); }
<div> <p>RGBA</p> <p>R:red;G:green;B:blue;A:alpha;</p> <p>颜色的比例指定颜色,alpna指定透明度</p> <p>值在0到255之间,alpha的值在0到1之间,0.2可以用.2表示</p> <div>rgba(111,222,123,0.2)</div> <div>rgba(111,222,123,.2)</div> </div>
HSL
H:hue色调,0或者360表示红色,120表示绿色,240表示蓝色
S:saturation饱和度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间
L:lightness亮度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间
/* list5 */ #color .list5s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: hsl(280, 50%, 60%); } #color .list5s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: hsl(50, 50%, 60%); }
<div> <p>HSL</p> <p>H:hue色调,0或者360表示红色,120表示绿色,240表示蓝色</p> <p>S:saturation饱和度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间</p> <p>L:lightness亮度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间</p> <div>hsl(280, 50%, 60%)</div> <div>hsl(50, 50%, 60%)</div> </div>
HSLA
H:hue色调,0或者360表示红色,120表示绿色,240表示蓝色
S:saturation饱和度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间
L:lightness亮度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间
A:alpha透明度
/* list6 */ #color .list6s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: hsla(280, 50%, 60%,0.6); } #color .list6s2 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: hsla(50, 50%, 60%,.6); }
<div> <p>HSLA</p> <p>H:hue色调,0或者360表示红色,120表示绿色,240表示蓝色</p> <p>S:saturation饱和度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间</p> <p>L:lightness亮度,取值在0.0%到100.0%之间</p> <p>A:alpha透明度</p> <div>hsla(280, 50%, 60%,0.6)</div> <div>hsla(50, 50%, 60%,.6)</div> </div>
transparent
全黑透明色,即rgba(0,0,0,0)
/* list7 */ #color .list7s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: transparent; }
<div> <p>transparent</p> <p>全黑透明色,即rgba(0,0,0,0)</p> <div>transparent</div> </div>
currentColor
color具有继承性,currentColor相当于继承color颜色
/* list8 */ #color .list8s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: currentColor; }
<div> <p>currentColor</p> <p>color具有继承性,currentColor相当于继承color颜色</p> <div>currentColor</div> </div>
函数
calc()
calc(四则运算)
用于动态计算长度值,运算符前后要加空格
/* list1 */ #function .list1s1 { width: calc(50% - 20rem); height: calc(20em - 200px); } #function .list1s2 { width: calc(20rem - 150px); height: calc(200px - 6em); }
<div> <p>calc()</p> <p>calc(四则运算)</p> <p>用于动态计算长度值,运算符前后要加空格</p> <div>calc(50% - 20rem) X calc(20em - 200px)</div> <div>calc(20rem - 150px) X calc(200px - 6em)</div> </div>
生成内容
attr()
用于content属性,取当前元素的属性值
可以拼接字符串
/* list1 */ #content .list1s1 { width: 100px; height: 100px; } #content .list1s1:before { content: "("attr(datamsgb)")"; font-size: 12px; } #content .list1s1:after { content: attr(datamsga); font-size: 14px; }
<div> <p>attr()</p> <p>用于content属性,取当前元素的属性值</p> <p>可以拼接字符串</p> <div>实际元素</div> </div>
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