Home Operation and Maintenance Linux Operation and Maintenance How to use the sed command to replace strings under Linux

How to use the sed command to replace strings under Linux

Jan 23, 2019 pm 03:04 PM
linux

sed命令可以根据规定的格式替换指定文件的字符串并输出,本篇文章我们就来介绍关于Linux下sed命令替换字符串的方法。

要替换字符串,我们需要使用以下格式。

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$ sed s/替换的目标字符串/替换后的字符串/ 文件名

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在下面我们替换写为“appleorangemelon”的字符串“sample.txt”。

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$ sed s/orange/ORANGE/ sample.txt

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执行结果为

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appleORANGEmelon

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替换并输出字符串。

另外,如下所示,在cat命令后用“|”连接sed命令也能得到同样的结果。

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$ cat sample.txt | sed s/apple/APPLE/

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注意,sed命令仅替换字符串并输出它,但不会重写实际文件的内容

如果要将替换的内容保存在文本中,请使用重定向“>”。

sed命令使用的选项

命令选项说明
-e替换为指定的脚本
-f 文件添加指定文件中描述的脚本文件的内容
-r使用扩展正则表达式

sed命令的使用

替换所有行

在先前介绍的格式中,即使在一个行中存在与多个替换对象字符串匹配的字符串,也仅替换第一个匹配的字符串。

因此,要替换所有匹配的字符串,请执行以下操作:

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$ sed -e s/apple/APPLE/g sample.txt

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执行结果为

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APPLEorangemelonAPPLE

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替换行的开头与结尾

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$ sed -e "s/^apple/APPLE/" sample.txt

$ sed -e "s/apple\$/APPLE/" sample.txt

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如果要替换多个子字符串,则可以指定多个脚本。

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$ sed -e "s/apple/APPLE/" -e "s/orange/ORANGE/" sample.txt

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删除行

指定“d”以删除指定的行。例如,要删除第二行就为“2d”。

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$ sed -e '2d' sample.txt

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此外,也可以删除多行,下面是删除第1行到第3行。

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$ sed -e '1,3d' sample2.txt

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