30分钟内让你明白HTML是什么，并对它有一些基本的了解。一旦入门后，你可以从网上找到更多更详细的资料来继续学习。
什么是HTML
【推荐教程：HTML教程】
HTML是英文Hyper Text Mark-up Language（超文本标记语言）的缩写，它规定了自己的语法规则，用来表示比“文本”更丰富的意义，比如图片，表格，链接等。浏览器（IE,FireFox等）软件知道HTML语言的语法，可以用来查看HTML文档。目前互联网上的绝大部分网页都是使用HTML编写的。
HTML是什么样的
简单地来说，HTML的语法就是给文本加上表明文本含义的标签（Tag），让用户（人或程序）能对文本得到更好的理解。
下面是一个最简单的HTML文档：
<html>
<head>
<title>第一个Html文档</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎访问<a href="http://deerchao.net">deerchao的个人网页</a>!
</body>
</html>Copy after login
所有的HTML文档都应该有一个标签，标签可以包含两个部分：
和。
标签用于包含整个文档的一般信息，比如文档的标题（
标签用于包含标题），对整个文档的描述，文档的关键字等等。文档的具体内容就要放在<body>标签里了。</p><p><a>标签用于表示链接，在浏览器（如IE,Firefox等）中查看HTML文档时，点击<a>标签括起来的内容时，通常会跳转到另一个页面。这个要跳转到的页面的地址由<a>标签的href属性指定。上面的<a href="http://deerchao.net">中，href属性的值就是http://deerchao.net。</p><p>HTML文档可以包含的内容</p><p>通过不同的标签，HTML文档可以包含不同的内容，比如文本，链接，图片，列表，表格，表单，框架等。</p><p>文本</p><p>HTML对文本的支持是最丰富的，你可以设置不同级别的标题，分段和换行，可以指定文本的语义和外观，可以说明文本是引用自其它的地方，等等等等。</p><p>链接</p><p>链接用来指出内容与另一个页面或当前页面某个地方有关。</p><p>图片</p><p>图片用于使页面更加美观，或提供更多的信息。</p><p>列表</p><p>列表用于说明一系列条目是彼此相关的。</p><p>表格</p><p>表格是按行与列将数据组织在一起的形式。也有不少人使用表格进行页面布局。</p><p>表单</p><p>表单通常由文本输入框，按钮，多选框，单选框，下拉列表等组成，使HTML页面更有交互性。</p><p>框架</p><p>框架使页面里能包含其它的页面。</p><p>HTML文档格式详细说明</p><p>前面介绍了HTML文档的基本格式，下面再做一个详细说明。</p><p>HTML文档可以用任何文本编辑器（比如记事本，UltraEdit等）创建，编辑，因为它的内容在本质也只是一些文本。</p><p>在HTML文本中，用尖括号括起来的部分称为标签。如果想在正文里使用尖括号（或者大与号小与号，总之是同一个东西），必须使用字符转义，也就是说转换字符的原有意义。<应该使用<代替，>则使用>，至于&符号本身，则应该使用&替代（不得不说的是有很多HTML文档没有遵循这个规则，常用的浏览器也都能够分析出&到底是一个转义的开始，还是一个符号，但是这样做是不推荐的）。</p><p>标签本质上是对它所包含的内容的说明，可能会有属性，来给出更多的信息。比如<img>（图片）标签有src属性（用于指明图片的地址），width和height属性（用于说明图片的宽度和高度）。HTML里能使用哪些标签，这些标签分别可以拥有哪些属性，这些都是有规定的，知道了这里说的基本知识之后，学习HTML其实也就是学习这些标签了。本文后面会对常用的HTML标签做出简短的介绍。</p><p>标签通常有开始部分和结束部分（也被称为开始标签和结束标签），它们一起限定了这个标签所包含的内容。属性只能在开始标签中指定，属性值可以用单引号或双引号括起来。结束标签都以/加上标签名来表示。有时候，有些标签并不包含其它内容（只包括自己的属性，甚至连属性都没有），这种情况下，可以写成类似这样：<img src="logo.gif" />。注意最后的一个空格和一个反斜杠，它说明这个标签已经结束，不需要单独的结束标签了。</p><p>某些标签包含的内容中还可以有新的标签，新的标签名甚至可能还可以与包含它的标签的名称相同（哪些标签可以包含标签，可以包含哪些标签也是有规定的）。比如：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><div>
<div>分类目录…</div>
<div>当前分类内容列表…</div>
</div></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>在这种情况下，最后出现的标签应该最先结束。</p><p>HTML文档里所有的空白符（空格，Tab，换行，回车）会被浏览器忽略，唯一的例外是空格，对空格的处理方式是所有连续的空格被当成一个空格，不管有一个，还是两个，还是100个。之所以有这样的规则是因为忽略空白符能让使用HTML的作者以他觉得最方便的格式来排列内容，比如可以在每个标签开始后增加缩进，标签结束后减少缩进。由于英语文本中空格用得很普遍（用于分隔单词），所以对空格做了这样的特殊处理。如果要显示连续的空格（比如为了缩进），应该用 来代表空格。</p><p>常用标签介绍</p><p>文本</p><p>最常用的标签可能是<font>了，它用于改变字体，字号，文字颜色。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><font size="6">6</font>
<font size="4">4</font>
<font color="red" size="5">红色的5</font>
<font face="黑体">黑体的字</font></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>加粗，下划线，斜体字也是常用的文字效果，它们分别用<b>,<u>,<i>表示：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><b>Bold</b>
<i>italic</i>
<u>underline</u></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>还有一些标签，用来指出包含的文本有特殊的意义，比如<abbr>（表示缩写），<em>（表示强调），<strong>（表示更强地强调）,<cite>（表示引用），<address>（表示地址）等等。这些标签不是为了定义显示效果而存在的，所以从浏览器里看它们可能没有任何效果，也可能不同的浏览器对这些标签的显示效果完全不同。</p><p>一篇很长的文章，如果有合适的小标题的话，就可以快速地对它的内容进行大致的了解。在HTML里，用来表示标题的标签有：<h1>,<h2>,<h3>,<h4>,<h5>,<h6>，它们分别表示一级标题，二级标题，三级标题...</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><h1>HTML 30分钟教程</h1>
<h2>什么是HTML</h2>
...
<h2>HTML是什么样的</h2>
...</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Simsun; white-space: normal;">图片</p><p><hr>标签用于在页面上添加横线。可以通过指定width和color属性来控制横线的长度和颜色。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><hr width="90%" color="red" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p><img>标签用于在页面上添加图片，src属性指定图片的地址，如果无法打开src指定的图片，浏览器通常会在页面上需要显示图片的地方显示alt属性定义的文本。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><img src="http://www.xx.com/Icons/valid-xhtml10" alt="图片简介" /></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>链接</p><p>超级链接用<a>标签表示，href属性指定了链接到的地址。<a>标签可以包含文本，也可以包含图片。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><a href="http://deerchao.net">deerchao的个人网站</a>
<a href="http://validator.w3.org"><img src="http://www.xx.com/Icons/valid-xhtml10" alt="验证HTML" /></a></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>分段与换行</p><p>由于HTML文档会忽略空白符，所以要想保证正常的分段换行的话，必须指出哪些文字是属于同一段落的，这就用到了标签<p>。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><p>这是第一段。</p>
<p>这是第二段。</p></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>也有人不用<p>，而用<br>。<br>只表示换行，不表示段落的开始或结束，所以通常没有结束标签。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>这是第一段。<br>
这是第二段。<br />
这是第三段。</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>有时，要把文档看作不同的部分组合起来的，比如一个典型的页面可能包括三个部分：页头，主体，页脚。<div>标签专门用于标明不同的部分：</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><div>页头内容</div>
<div>主体内容</div>
<div>页脚内容</div></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>表格</p><p>HTML文档在浏览器里通常是从左到右，从上到下地显示的，到了窗口右边就自动换行。为了实现分栏的效果，很多人使用表格（<table>）进行页面排版（虽然HTML里提供表格的本意不是为了排版）。</p><p><table>标签里通常会包含几个<tr>标签，<tr>代表表格里的一行。<tr>标签又会包含<td>标签，每个<td>代表一个单元格。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><table>
<tr>
<td>2000</td><td>悉尼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2004</td><td>雅典</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2008</td><td>北京</td>
</tr>
</table></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p><tr>标签还可以被<table>里的<thead>或<tbody>或<tfoot>包含。它们分别代表表头，表正文，表脚。在打印网页的时候，如果表格很大，一页打印不完，<thead>和<tfoot>将在每一页出现。</p><p><th>和<td>非常相似，也用在<tr>里边，不同的是<th>代表这个单元格是它所在的行或列的标题。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><table>
<thead>
<tr><th>时间</th><th>地点</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>2000</td><td>悉尼</td></tr>
<tr><td>2004</td><td>雅典</td></tr>
<tr><td>2000</td><td>北京</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>列表</p><p>表格用于表示二维数据（行，列），一维数据则用列表表示。列表可以分为无序列表（<ul>），有序列表（<ol>）和定义列表（<dl>）。前两种列表更常见一些，都用<li>标签包含列表项目。</p><p>无序列表表示一系列类似的项目，它们之间没有先后顺序。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><ul>
<li>苹果</li>
<li>桔子</li>
<li>桃</li>
</ul></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>有序列表中各个项目间的顺序是很重要的，浏览器通常会自动给它们产生编号。</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><ol>
<li>打开冰箱门</li>
<li>把大象赶进去</li>
<li>关上冰箱门</li>
</ol></pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>框架</p>
<p>最后谈一下框架，曾经非常流行的技术，框架使一个窗口里能同时显示多个文档。主框架页里面没有<body>标签，取代它的是<frameset>。</p>
<p><frameset>The attributes Rows and Cols of the tag are used to specify how many rows (columns) there are in the frameset (frameset), and the height (width) of each row (column). </p>
<p>The<frameset> tag can contain the <frame> tag, and each <frame> tag represents a document (the src attribute specifies the address of the document). </p>
<p>If you feel that such a page is not complicated enough, you can also include the <frameset> tag in the <frameset> tag. </p>
<p><br></p>
<p><br></p><p>The above is the detailed content of HTML 30-minute introductory tutorial. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!</p>
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