A daily javascript learning summary (object-oriented programming)_javascript skills

1. Object-oriented factory method

 function createPerson(name, age, job){
   var o = new Object();
   o.name = name;
   o.age = age;
   o.job = job;
   o.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
   }; 
   return o;
  }
  
  var person1 = createPerson("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
  var person2 = createPerson("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
  
  person1.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  person2.sayName(); //"Greg"

The disadvantage of the factory model method is that it will generate a lot of duplicate code!

2. Constructor pattern creates objects

 function Person(name, age, job){
   this.name = name;
   this.age = age;
   this.job = job;
   this.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
   }; 
  }
  
  var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
  var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
  
  person1.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  person2.sayName(); //"Greg"
  
  alert(person1 instanceof Object); //true
  alert(person1 instanceof Person); //true
  alert(person2 instanceof Object); //true
  alert(person2 instanceof Person); //true
  
  alert(person1.constructor == Person); //true
  alert(person2.constructor == Person); //true
  
  alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName); //false  

Using the new keyword to create an object will go through the following four processes

• 1. Create a new object
• 2. Assign the scope of the constructor to a new object (so this points to this new object)
• 3. Method to execute the constructor (assign a value to this new object)
• 4. Return new object

3. Use the constructor as a function

 function Person(name, age, job){
   this.name = name;
   this.age = age;
   this.job = job;
   this.sayName = function(){
    alert(this.name);
   };
  }
  
  var person = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
  person.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  
  Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor"); //adds to window
  window.sayName(); //"Greg"
  
  var o = new Object();
  Person.call(o, "Kristen", 25, "Nurse");
  o.sayName(); //"Kristen"

When used as a function, the constructor is no different from an ordinary function. It is just a method added under the window object. Since the object created by the constructor actually creates a new object, the two are essentially different and separated, and their methods are still different!

4. Use common methods to solve inconsistent problems globally

 function Person(name, age, job){
   this.name = name;
   this.age = age;
   this.job = job;
   this.sayName = sayName;
  }
  
  function sayName(){
   alert(this.name);
  }
  
  var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
  var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
  
  person1.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  person2.sayName(); //"Greg"
  
  alert(person1 instanceof Object); //true
  alert(person1 instanceof Person); //true
  alert(person2 instanceof Object); //true
  alert(person2 instanceof Person); //true
  
  alert(person1.constructor == Person); //true
  alert(person2.constructor == Person); //true
  
  alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName); //true  

Although the above method solves the same problem, the defined global method itself belongs to the window, so there is no separation between local and global! So this method is rarely used! Not recommended either.

5. Prototype mode

Any function we create has a prototype object. This attribute is a pointer, which points to an object, and the function of this object is to have methods that can be shared by all instances of a specific type!

 function Person(){
  }
  
  Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
  Person.prototype.age = 29;
  Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
  Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
   alert(this.name);
  };
  
  var person1 = new Person();
  person1.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  
  var person2 = new Person();
  person2.sayName(); //"Nicholas"
  
  alert(person1.sayName == person2.sayName); //true
  
  alert(Person.prototype.isPrototypeOf(person1)); //true
  alert(Person.prototype.isPrototypeOf(person2)); //true
  
  //only works if Object.getPrototypeOf() is available
  if (Object.getPrototypeOf){
   alert(Object.getPrototypeOf(person1) == Person.prototype); //true
   alert(Object.getPrototypeOf(person1).name); //"Nicholas"
  }

Understanding prototypes

Whenever a function is created, a prototype property is created, which points to the prototype object of the function. By default, the prototype object will contain a constructor (constructor attribute), which contains a pointer to the function where the prototype attribute is located!

The order of attribute reading

Every time the code reads the properties of an object, it will perform a search. The target is the property with the given name. The search starts from the instance of the object itself. If there is one, it will be returned. If not, it will continue to search for the object. Prototype chain until the outermost layer of the prototype chain is searched!

 function Person(){
  }
  
  Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
  Person.prototype.age = 29;
  Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
  Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
   alert(this.name);
  };
  
  var person1 = new Person();
  var person2 = new Person();
  
  person1.name = "Greg";
  alert(person1.name); //"Greg" 来自实例
  alert(person2.name); //"Nicholas" 来自原型

If the instance attribute of this element is deleted

function Person(){
  }
  
  Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
  Person.prototype.age = 29;
  Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
  Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
   alert(this.name);
  };
  
  var person1 = new Person();
  var person2 = new Person();
  
  person1.name = "Greg";
  alert(person1.name); //"Greg" ?from instance
  alert(person2.name); //"Nicholas" ?from prototype
  
  delete person1.name;
  alert(person1.name); //"Nicholas" - from the prototype

6. hasOwnProperty method

This method can detect whether a property exists in the instance or in the prototype! hasOwnProperty is inherited from Object and will return true as long as the given property exists in the object instance.

 function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
    Person.prototype.age = 29;
    Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
    Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
      alert(this.name);
    };
    
    var person1 = new Person();
    var person2 = new Person();
    
    alert(person1.hasOwnProperty("name")); //false
    alert("name" in person1); //true
    
    person1.name = "Greg";
    alert(person1.name);  //"Greg" ?from instance
    alert(person1.hasOwnProperty("name")); //true
    alert("name" in person1); //true
    
    alert(person2.name);  //"Nicholas" ?from prototype
    alert(person2.hasOwnProperty("name")); //false
    alert("name" in person2); //true
    
    delete person1.name;
    alert(person1.name);  //"Nicholas" - from the prototype
    alert(person1.hasOwnProperty("name")); //false
    alert("name" in person1); //true

7. Object.keys() enumerable property method

This method receives an object as a parameter and returns a string array containing all enumerable properties

 function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
    Person.prototype.age = 29;
    Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
    Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
      alert(this.name);
    };
    
    var keys = Object.keys(Person.prototype);
    alert(keys);  //"name,age,job,sayName"
如果想得到所有实例的属性，无论它是否可以枚举都可以使用这个方法来获取
 function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype.name = "Nicholas";
    Person.prototype.age = 29;
    Person.prototype.job = "Software Engineer";
    Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
      alert(this.name);
    };
    
    var keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Person.prototype);
    alert(keys);  //"constructor,name,age,job,sayName"

This method is only supported by higher version browsers

8. Simple prototype writing method

 function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype = {
      name : "Nicholas",
      age : 29,
      job: "Software Engineer",
      sayName : function () {
        alert(this.name);
      }
    };

    var friend = new Person();
    
    alert(friend instanceof Object); //true
    alert(friend instanceof Person); //true
    alert(friend.constructor == Person); //false
    alert(friend.constructor == Object); //true

Rewriting the prototype is equivalent to overwriting the default prototype method, then the same construction method will also be rewritten, and the rewritten construction method points to the Object object! Instead of the original object Person

If you still want to point to the previous constructor, you can specify it explicitly

 function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype = {
      constructor : Person,
      name : "Nicholas",
      age : 29,
      job: "Software Engineer",
      sayName : function () {
        alert(this.name);
      }
    };

    var friend = new Person();
    
    alert(friend instanceof Object); //true
    alert(friend instanceof Person); //true
    alert(friend.constructor == Person); //true
    alert(friend.constructor == Object); //false

9. Dynamic addition of prototype methods

function Person(){
    }
    
    Person.prototype = {
      constructor: Person,
      name : "Nicholas",
      age : 29,
      job : "Software Engineer",
      sayName : function () {
        alert(this.name);
      }
    };
    
    var friend = new Person();
    
    Person.prototype.sayHi = function(){
      alert("hi");
    };
    
    friend.sayHi();  //"hi" ?works!

10. Prototype methods of native objects

alert(typeof Array.prototype.sort);     //"function"
    alert(typeof String.prototype.substring);  //"function"

    String.prototype.startsWith = function (text) {//修改原生对象的原型方法
      return this.indexOf(text) == 0;
    };
    
    var msg = "Hello world!";
    alert(msg.startsWith("Hello"));  //true

11. Create objects using a combination of constructors and prototype patterns

//构造函数模式
function Person(name, age, job){
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
      this.job = job;
      this.friends = ["Shelby", "Court"];
    }
    //原型模式
    Person.prototype = {
      constructor: Person,
      sayName : function () {
        alert(this.name);
      }
    };
    
    var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
    var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
    
    person1.friends.push("Van");
    
    alert(person1.friends);  //"Shelby,Court,Van"
    alert(person2.friends);  //"Shelby,Court"
    alert(person1.friends === person2.friends); //false
    alert(person1.sayName === person2.sayName); //true

12. Dynamic prototype mode

function Person(name, age, job){
    
      //properties
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
      this.job = job;
      
      //methods
      if (typeof this.sayName != "function"){
      
        Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
          alert(this.name);
        };
        
      }
    }

    var friend = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
    friend.sayName();

13. Parasitic constructor pattern

 function Person(name, age, job){
var o = new Object();//依赖全局对象初始化一个对象，然后再返回这个对象
o.name = name;
o.age = age;
o.job = job;
o.sayName = function(){
alert(this.name);
}; 
return o;
}

var friend = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
friend.sayName(); //"Nicholas"

function SpecialArray(){ 

//create the array
var values = new Array();

//add the values
values.push.apply(values, arguments);

//assign the method
values.toPipedString = function(){
return this.join("|");
};

//return it
return values; 
}

var colors = new SpecialArray("red", "blue", "green");
alert(colors.toPipedString()); //"red|blue|green"

alert(colors instanceof SpecialArray);

A little explanation for the appeal method, because it relies on the outer object to create a new object, it cannot rely on the instanceof method to determine the source of properties and methods! It actually has nothing to do with the constructor!

14. Safe constructor pattern

 function Person(name, age, job){
      var o = new Object();
      o.sayName = function(){
        alert(name);
      };  
      return o;
    }
    
    var friend = Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
    friend.sayName(); //"Nicholas"

This method does not rely on any new this keyword! If you want to access the methods and properties of an object, you can only get them through the methods that the object has defined!

15. Inheritance
Javascript implements inheritance through the prototype chain

function SuperType(){
      this.property = true;//定义一个属性
    }
    
    SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){//定义的原型方法
      return this.property;
    };
    
    function SubType(){
      this.subproperty = false;
    }
    
    //inherit from SuperType
    SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
    
    SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
      return this.subproperty;
    };
    
    var instance = new SubType();
    alert(instance.getSuperValue());  //true
    
    alert(instance instanceof Object);   //true
    alert(instance instanceof SuperType);  //true
    alert(instance instanceof SubType);   //true

    alert(Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));  //true
    alert(SuperType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance)); //true
    alert(SubType.prototype.isPrototypeOf(instance));  //true
SubType继承SuperType的方法和属性，因此当instance可以直接调用SuperType的方法！
 function SuperType(){
      this.property = true;
    }
    
    SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
      return this.property;
    };
    
    function SubType(){
      this.subproperty = false;
    }
    
    //inherit from SuperType
    SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
    
    //new method
    SubType.prototype.getSubValue = function (){
      return this.subproperty;
    };
    
    //override existing method
    SubType.prototype.getSuperValue = function (){
      return false;
    };
    
    var instance = new SubType();
    alert(instance.getSuperValue());  //false

The above example shows that the overridden prototype will overwrite the previously inherited prototype, and the final result returned is often not the expected effect

 function SuperType(){
      this.property = true;
    }
    
    SuperType.prototype.getSuperValue = function(){
      return this.property;
    };
    
    function SubType(){
      this.subproperty = false;
    }
    
    //inherit from SuperType
    SubType.prototype = new SuperType();
    
    //使用字面量添加的方法导致上面的方法失效了
    SubType.prototype = {
      getSubValue : function (){
        return this.subproperty;
      },
    
      someOtherMethod : function (){
        return false;
      }
    }; 
    
    var instance = new SubType();
    console.log(instance);
    alert(instance.getSuperValue());  //error!

The following example also illustrates the risks of rewriting prototypes

 function SuperType(){
      this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
    }

    function SubType(){      
    }
    
    //inherit from SuperType
    SubType.prototype = new SuperType();

    var instance1 = new SubType();
    instance1.colors.push("black");
    alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
    
    var instance2 = new SubType();
    alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"

原型共享导致两个不同的对象调用的同一个数据
16、借用构造函数来实现继承

 function SuperType(){
      this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
    }

    function SubType(){ 
      //inherit from SuperType
      SuperType.call(this);
    }

    var instance1 = new SubType();
    instance1.colors.push("black");
    alert(instance1.colors);  //"red,blue,green,black"
    
    var instance2 = new SubType();
    alert(instance2.colors);  //"red,blue,green"

传递参数

 function SuperType(name){
      this.name = name;
    }

    function SubType(){ 
      //inherit from SuperType passing in an argument
      SuperType.call(this, "Nicholas");
      
      //instance property
      this.age = 29;
    }

    var instance = new SubType();
    alert(instance.name);  //"Nicholas";
    alert(instance.age);   //29

17、组合继承方式

function SuperType(name){
      this.name = name;
      this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
    }
    
    SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
      alert(this.name);
    };

    function SubType(name, age){ 
      SuperType.call(this, name);
      
      this.age = age;
    }

18、原型继承

 function object(o){
      function F(){}
      F.prototype = o;
      return new F();
    }
    
    var person = {
      name: "Nicholas",
      friends: ["Shelby", "Court", "Van"]
    };
    
    var anotherPerson = object(person);
    anotherPerson.name = "Greg";
    anotherPerson.friends.push("Rob");

19、寄生组合式继承

 function object(o){
      function F(){}
      F.prototype = o;
      return new F();
    }
  
    function inheritPrototype(subType, superType){
      var prototype = object(superType.prototype);  //create object
      prototype.constructor = subType;        //augment object
      subType.prototype = prototype;         //assign object
    }
                
    function SuperType(name){
      this.name = name;
      this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
    }
    
    SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){
      alert(this.name);
    };

    function SubType(name, age){ 
      SuperType.call(this, name);
      
      this.age = age;
    }

    inheritPrototype(SubType, SuperType);
    
    SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){
      alert(this.age);
    };
    
    var instance1 = new SubType("Nicholas", 29);
    instance1.colors.push("black");
    alert(instance1.colors); //"red,blue,green,black"
    instance1.sayName();   //"Nicholas";
    instance1.sayAge();    //29
    
    
    var instance2 = new SubType("Greg", 27);
    alert(instance2.colors); //"red,blue,green"
    instance2.sayName();   //"Greg";
    instance2.sayAge();    //27

以上就是今天的javascript学习小结，之后每天还会继续更新，希望大家继续关注。